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. 2022 Dec 5;12:21041. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25660-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative example of Class Activation Mapping (CAM) with the en face model. Sixty-eight class activation maps were placed at the individual 10-2 visual field (VF) test points (right eye). The figure shows the actual 10-2 VF threshold values (THVs) and the predicted THVs (a, b). Each CAM image is numbered at the top left (c). The red color indicates the region where the deep learning model was highly activated and generated a high sensitivity value for the 10-2 VF test point, whereas the blue color indicates the opposite (c). Structure–function mapping between combined input images (including macula and optic nerve head scan; each in the left column) and 10-2 VF (right column) (d). The macula and optic nerve head sectors and the corresponding 10-2 VF regions are indicated with similar color²⁷. The numbers in the VF images are the same as those in the CAM images.