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. 2022 Sep 2;13(6):1245–1280. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00693-7

Table 4.

Prescription components for stretching exercises (n = 2)

Author (s) details, Study design and settings Participants (number and age) Diagnostic criteria Single/multicomponent program Frequency/week Intensity Time/session Total duration (weeks) Type of exercise(s) Mode of exercise(s) Progression Outcome measure(s) Adverse event(s) Educational aids/technology used Finding(s)
Makizako et al. [17], RCT and Community dwelling IG: n = 33(Avg age-74.1 ± 6.6, CG: n = 34(Avg age-75.8 ± 7.3) AWGS Multicomponent NR NR NR 12 Resistance training, Balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises NR NR Physical performance: Grip strength (HHD), Gait speed (6-m test), 5-Chair stand test, TUG and Muscle CSA and volume (MRI) No AE

Infrared timer for gait speed assessment (Outcome measure)

Booklet

12 week multicomponent exercise program with progressive resistance training generally improves physical function in CDOA with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. However, it is unclear whether effective in increasing muscle mass
Bellomo et al. [33], RCT Gsm: 10, RT: 10, Vam: 10, CG: 10 (Avg age-70.9 ± 5.2) Center for disease control and prevention Multicomponent NR NR NR 12 Global sensori motor: aerobic, balance and flexibility training; Resistance training; Vibratory mechanical-acoustic focal therapy Stretching exercises for the muscles of the lower limbs NR Maximal isometric test (knee extension machine); Gait analysis: Length of half step (cm), Sway area (mm2), Ellipse surface (mm2) (Pedobarographic platform) NR NR All the training programs implemented in the present investigation increase muscle strength. In addition, sensorimotor and vibrational training intervention aims to transfer these peripheral gains to the functional and more complex task of balance, in order to reduce the risk of falls

IG, intervention group; CG, control group; TUG, timed up go; AWGS, Asian working group for Sarcopenia; HHD, hand held dynamometer; AE, adverse events; CSA, cross sectional area; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging