Table 4.
Author (s) details, Study design and settings | Participants (number and age) | Diagnostic criteria | Single/multicomponent program | Frequency/week | Intensity | Time/session | Total duration (weeks) | Type of exercise(s) | Mode of exercise(s) | Progression | Outcome measure(s) | Adverse event(s) | Educational aids/technology used | Finding(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Makizako et al. [17], RCT and Community dwelling | IG: n = 33(Avg age-74.1 ± 6.6, CG: n = 34(Avg age-75.8 ± 7.3) | AWGS | Multicomponent | NR | NR | NR | 12 | Resistance training, Balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises | NR | NR | Physical performance: Grip strength (HHD), Gait speed (6-m test), 5-Chair stand test, TUG and Muscle CSA and volume (MRI) | No AE |
Infrared timer for gait speed assessment (Outcome measure) Booklet |
12 week multicomponent exercise program with progressive resistance training generally improves physical function in CDOA with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. However, it is unclear whether effective in increasing muscle mass |
Bellomo et al. [33], RCT | Gsm: 10, RT: 10, Vam: 10, CG: 10 (Avg age-70.9 ± 5.2) | Center for disease control and prevention | Multicomponent | NR | NR | NR | 12 | Global sensori motor: aerobic, balance and flexibility training; Resistance training; Vibratory mechanical-acoustic focal therapy | Stretching exercises for the muscles of the lower limbs | NR | Maximal isometric test (knee extension machine); Gait analysis: Length of half step (cm), Sway area (mm2), Ellipse surface (mm2) (Pedobarographic platform) | NR | NR | All the training programs implemented in the present investigation increase muscle strength. In addition, sensorimotor and vibrational training intervention aims to transfer these peripheral gains to the functional and more complex task of balance, in order to reduce the risk of falls |
IG, intervention group; CG, control group; TUG, timed up go; AWGS, Asian working group for Sarcopenia; HHD, hand held dynamometer; AE, adverse events; CSA, cross sectional area; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging