Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to tertiles of B-type natriuretic peptide.
| All patients (n = 3099) |
Tertile 1* (n = 1035) |
Tertile 2† (n = 1031) |
Tertile 3‡ (n = 1033) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 68 (55, 79) | 56 (47, 64)§¶ | 71 (59, 80)↑ | 76 (65, 83) | < 0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 1435 (46.3) | 353 (34.1) | 534 (51.8) | 548 (53.0) | < 0.001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 1827 (60.2) | 451 (44.9) | 630 (62.5) | 746 (72.9) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 913 (30.4) | 199 (20.0) | 285 (28.7) | 429 (42.2) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 348 (11.7) | 119 (12.0) | 130 (13.2) | 99 (9.8) | 0.061 |
| Ischemic stroke | 292 (9.8) | 46 (4.6) | 116 (11.7) | 130 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 91 (3.1) | 17 (1.7) | 45 (4.6) | 29 (2.9) | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 425 (14.2) | 85 (8.6) | 145 (14.7) | 195 (19.3) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 222 (7.4) | 14 (1.4) | 29 (2.9) | 179 (17.8) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 321 (10.7) | 17 (1.7) | 57 (5.8) | 247 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
| End-stage renal disease | 155 (5.2) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (1.1) | 143 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Social history, n (%) | |||||
| Cigarette smoking | 595 (25.6) | 266 (37.2) | 161 (21.1) | 168 (19.8) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | 780 (33.4) | 373 (51.8) | 219 (28.7) | 188 (22.1) | < 0.001 |
| Triage vitals, median (IQR) | |||||
| SBP, mmHg | 185 (166, 201) | 180 (160, 194)§¶ | 187 (171, 205) | 188 (173, 205) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 104 (99, 113) | 105 (101, 112)§¶ | 104 (96, 113) | 104 (94, 114) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory tests, median (IQR) | |||||
| BNP, pg/mL | 74 (26, 271) | 18 (12, 26)§¶ | 75 (52, 109)↑ | 49 (271, 1171) | < 0.001 |
| Mean serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.87 (0.70, 1.14) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.95)§¶ | 0.81 (0.65, 1.06)↑ | 1.10 (0.80, 2.24) | < 0.001 |
| Mean eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 82 (55, 97) | 96 (84, 106)§¶ | 82 (6, 95)↑ | 56 (23, 82) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin-I, ng/mL | 0.01 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.01)§¶ | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03)↑ | 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Hb, g/dL | 13.5 (11.9, 14.9) | 14.6 (13.5, 15.6)§¶ | 13.4 (12.1, 14.7)↑ | 12.1 (10.4, 13.7) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary analysis | |||||
| Proteinuriaa, n (%) | 802 (38.3) | 99 (17.5) | 245 (33.2) | 458 (58.2) | < 0.001 |
| Chest radiography | |||||
| Cardiomegaly, n (%) | 459 (15.3) | 84 (8.4) | 157 (15.7) | 218 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
| Electrocardiography | |||||
| LVH, n (%) | 336 (11.2) | 65 (6.5) | 93 (9.3) | 178 (17.7) | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial ischemia, n (%) | 332 (11.0) | 82 (8.2) | 95 (9.5) | 155 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
| Acute HMOD, n (%) | 1486 (48.0) | 379 (36.6) | 419 (40.6) | 688 (66.6) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR), as appropriate. IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage.
*The range of BNP levels in tertile 1 is ≤ 37 pg/mL.
†The range of BNP levels in tertile 2 was between > 37 and < 167 pg/mL.
‡The range of BNP levels in tertile 3 is ≥ 167 pg/mL.
aProteinuria was defined as dipstick urinalysis result ≥ 1 +
§Post hoc p: tertile 1 versus tertile 2: statistically significant, p < 0.05.
¶Post hoc p: tertile 1 versus tertile 3: statistically significant, p < 0.05.
↑Post hoc p: tertile 2 vs. tertile 3: statistically significant p < 0.05.