Fig. 3. Rescued citrate^mt metabolism and transport attenuate LPS-induced necroptosis in AECs.

a–c Apoptosis and necrosis in LPS-treated MLE12 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 3). d The RIPK3 inhibitor but not the apoptosis or ferroptosis inhibitor restored cell viability within 24 h of LPS incubation (n = 3). e–g The immunoblots show elevated expression and phosphorylation of the necroptosis-related proteins RIPK3 and MLKL (n = 3). h Immunofluorescence staining of MLKL (green) in LPS-treated MLE12 cells. i, j The immunoblots show that Idh3α and Slc25a1 overexpression in MLE12 cells rescued the expression of SP-C and greatly reduced necroptosis, as shown by the decreases in total and trimerized MLKL. The data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.