Table 5.

The associations between state and national area deprivation index ranking and change in global cognitive z-score in cognitively unimpaired at baseline.

	Change in global cognitive z-score (Outcome)
ADI ranking, per decile	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	ß*	(95% CI)	p-value	ß*	(95% CI)	p-value	ß*	(95% CI)	p-value
State ADI ranking	−0.050	(−0.061, −0.038)	<0.001	−0.024	(−0.034, −0.014)	<0.001	−0.035	(−0.045, −0.024)	<0.001
Time	−0.012	(−0.022, −0.002)	0.016	−0.008	(−0.017, 0.002)	0.13	−0.011	(−0.021, −0.002)	0.022
State ADI ranking*time	−0.007	(−0.009, −0.005)	<0.001	−0.007	(−0.008, −0.005)	<0.001	−0.007	(−0.009, −0.005)	<0.001
National ADI ranking	−0.071	(−0.087, −0.054)	<0.001	−0.037	(−0.051, −0.023)	<0.001	−0.048	(−0.063, −0.032)	<0.001
Time	−0.007	(−0.018, 0.005)	0.26	−0.002	(−0.014, 0.009)	0.71	−0.006	(−0.017, 0.006)	0.31
National ADI ranking*time	−0.009	(−0.012, −0.007)	<0.001	−0.009	(−0.012, −0.007)	<0.001	−0.009	(−0.012, −0.007)	<0.001

Abbreviations: ADI, area deprivation index; CI, confidence interval.

^*Estimates of fixed effects from a linear mixed effects model allowing for random individual intercepts and slopes; slope estimates represent an annualized change from baseline.

All models include ADI, time, and the ADI*time interaction. Model 1 controls for whether or not the administration of the cognitive tests was the first time ever (i.e., practice effects); model 2 controls for age (centered for mean age in CU 72.0 years) and practice effects; model 3 controls for years of education (centered for mean years of education in CU 14.6 years) and practice effects. Mean (SD) study follow-up was 4.7 (3.4)) years for N=4,118 participants.