TABLE 3.

Comparison of ALU, LINE-1, GAPDH and β-actin gene cfDII-integrity and cfDII-fragmentation among healthy, CLD and HCC patients.

Gene	Healthy (Llovet et al., 2021)	CLD (Sung et al., 2021)	HCC (Dikshit et al., 2012)	p-value	Posthoc, p value
(A) The cfDII-integrity (L/S ratio): Absolute quantification, median (IQR) value				Kruskal–wallis test	Dunns multiple comparison test
ALU	0.141 (0.015–0.501)	0.127 (0.029–0.256)	0.014 (0.003–0.163)	<0.0001	1 vs. 2, 1.0
					1 vs. 3, 0.0051
					2 vs. 3, <0.0001
LINE-1	0.022 (0.001–0.204)	0.025 (0.005–0.058)	0.022 (0.006–0.103)	0.809	1 vs. 2, >0.9999
					1 vs. 3, 0.8653
					2 vs. 3, >0.9999
GAPDH	0.078 (0.017–0.429)	0.058 (0.008–0.523)	0.001 (0.00007–0.093)	0.0001	1 vs. 2, 1.0
					1 vs. 3, <0.0001
					2 vs. 3, <0.0001
β-Actin	0.210 (0.031–0.453)	0.066 (0.016–0.220)	0.093 (0.032–1.000)	0.042	1 vs. 2, 0.1774
					1 vs. 3, 1.0
					2 vs. 3, 0.0822
(B) The cfDII-fragmentation normalization with gDNA: Relative quantification, median (IQR) value				Kruskal–Wallis test	Dunns Multiple comparison Test
ALU	2.334 (0.815–14.446)	2.522 (1.414–8.430)	15.189 (2.067–47.752)	<0.0001	1 vs. 2, 1.0
					1 vs. 3, 0.005
					2 vs. 3, <0.0001
LINE-1	2.930 (0.310–53.629)	2.808 (1.208–12.104)	3.295 (0.686–11.196)	0.827	1 vs. 2, 1.0
					1 vs. 3, 1.0
					2 vs. 3, 1.0
GAPDH	7.412 (1.942–24.199)	6.233 (1.268–27.57)	64.222 (1.855–831.366)	<0.0001	1 vs. 2, 1.0
					1 vs. 3, 0.01
					2 vs. 3, <0.0001
β-Actin	1.607 (0.817–8.477)	4.423 (1.539–14.898)	3.271 (0.406–8.414)	0.034	1 vs. 2, 0.13
					1 vs. 3, 1.0
					2 vs. 3, 0.07
(C) The cfDII-fragmentation normalization with healthy control cfDNA: Relative quantification, median (IQR) value				Mann-Whitney U Test
ALU		0.729 (0.408–2.436)	4.389 (0.597–13.799)	<0.0001
LINE-1		0.566 (0.243–2.441)	0.664 (0.138–2.257	0.531
GAPDH		1.248 (0.228–5.856)	13.784 (0.398–178.445)	<0.0001
β-Actin		1.586 (0.551–5.341)	1.173 (0.145–3.016)	0.086

Statistical significance is the p value < 0.05 and significant values are mentioned in bold font.