Table 3.
Association between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring by T2DM diagnosis in their mothers
| Crude model |
Adjusted modela |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| GDM–/T2DM– | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| GDM–/T2DM+ | 1.03 (0.45–2.32) | 0.949 | 1.01 (0.44–2.28) | 0.990 |
| GDM+/T2DM– | 1.64 (1.29–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.29–2.08) | <0.001 |
| GDM+/T2DM+ | 1.78 (1.23–2.58) | 0.002 | 1.69 (1.16–2.47) | 0.007 |
Cox regression models expressed as HR (95% CI). +/– indicates presence or absence of GDM or/and T2DM.
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidential interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.
a
Model adjusted for maternal age, weeks of gestation, cesarean section, Apgar <6 at 5 minutes after birth and birth weight.