Table 5.

Crude and adjusted association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Model	Socioeconomic status (SES)			P-value for trend
	High income (%) = 20.60	Middle income (%) = 35.72	Low income (%) = 43.68
	(19.44, 21.76)	(33.79, 37.66)	(40.70, 46.66)
Model 1 (HR)	1.00 (Reference)	2.45 (1.94–3.10)	2.58 (2.02–3.28)	<0.001
P-values		<0.001	<0.001
Model 2 (HR)	1.00 (Reference)	1.47 (1.16–1.87)	1.90 (1.48–2.45)	<0.001
P-values		0.002	<0.001
Model 3 (HR)	1.00 (Reference)	1.43 (1.13–1.81)	1.81 (1.41–2.33)	<0.001
P-values		0.003	<0.001

Model 1: Unadjusted model; Model 2: Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male or female), and marital status (Married, Living with partner, Separated, Divorced, Widowed, Never married), educational level (divided into <9th grade, 9–11th grade, high school graduate, some college or AA degree, college graduate or above), depression severity (None, Mild, Moderate, Moderately Severe, Severe); Model 3: Further adjusted for the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (continuous).

HR, hazard ratio.