Table 4.
Cognitive function tasks before and after supplementation with tart Montmorency cherries or an isoenergetic placebo
(Mean values and standard deviations)
| Measure | Treatment | n | Baseline | 3 months | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rep 1 | Rep 2 | Rep 1 | Rep 2 | Mixed model | ||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Effect | P-value | |||
| DV accuracy (%)* | Cherry | 45 | 94·1 | 5·9 | 88·2 | 13·1 | 95·7 | 3·5 | 88·6 | 11·6 | T | 0·035 |
| Placebo | 93·0 | 6·0 | 84·7 | 14·7 | 89·0 | 9·8 | 85·9 | 10·3 | T × R | 0·294 | ||
| DV RT (ms) | Cherry | 46 | 477·8 | 37·8 | 492·5 | 39·5 | 477·4 | 33·9 | 495·3 | 38·8 | T | 0·166 |
| Placebo | 473·5 | 31·4 | 500·1 | 37·2 | 484·7 | 37·5 | 511·4 | 34·2 | T × R | 0·619 | ||
| DV FA (n)* | Cherry | 41 | 2·5 | 1·9 | 2·5 | 2·3 | 1·4 | 1·3 | 3·1 | 2·3 | T | 0·005 |
| Placebo | 2·5 | 1·9 | 3·8 | 1·9 | 3·6 | 2·8 | 4·5 | 2·8 | T × R | 0·182 | ||
| RVIP accuracy (%) | Cherry | 42 | 57·2 | 17·3 | 63·0 | 18·3 | 63·0 | 20·9 | 71·5 | 15·3 | T | 0·194 |
| Placebo | 50·4 | 18·7 | 53·8 | 17·2 | 56·3 | 21·8 | 56·7 | 20·5 | T × R | 0·765 | ||
| RVIP RT (ms) | Cherry | 41 | 555·6 | 62·1 | 568·1 | 50·6 | 555·5 | 53·5 | 549·6 | 35·0 | T | 0·539 |
| Placebo | 557·9 | 63·9 | 540·1 | 47·3 | 536·4 | 51·7 | 545·1 | 37·1 | T × R | 0·351 | ||
| RVIP FA (n) | Cherry | 44 | 5·9 | 3·8 | 2·8 | 1·3 | 5·5 | 5·2 | 3·8 | 2·6 | T | 0·955 |
| Placebo | 4·9 | 3·2 | 5·2 | 3·8 | 4·3 | 3·1 | 4·7 | 2·6 | T × R | 0·786 | ||
| 3-Back accuracy (%) | Cherry | 40 | 80·2 | 5·4 | 85·3 | 8·4 | 79·7 | 9·1 | 85·4 | 9·0 | T | 0·608 |
| Placebo | 76·9 | 9·3 | 81·8 | 8·8 | 77·5 | 9·4 | 83·3 | 7·9 | T × R | 0·962 | ||
| 3-Back RT (ms) | Cherry | 40 | 1110 | 231 | 980 | 234 | 1111 | 248 | 942 | 195 | T | 0·930 |
| Placebo | 946 | 239 | 901 | 205 | 1054 | 286 | 920 | 247 | T × R | 0·653 | ||
DV, digit vigilance; FA, false alarm; RVIP, rapid visual image processing; RT, reaction time; Rep, repetition. Effects are treatment (T) and treatment by repetition interaction (T × R).
*
Significant difference between treatments (P < 0·05).