Table 1.
Tentative phenolic compounds content (µmol/L) at T0 before colonic fermentation in the indigestible fraction (IF) of artisanal (AR) and commercial (TT and TL) Tejuino samples.1.
|
Tejuino samples |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenolic compound | Rt(min) | AR | TT | TL | |
| Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| 1 | Caffeoylquinic acid | 3.8 | LoQ | 16.63 ± 4b | 10.61 ± 1.6a |
| 2 | Vanillic acid | 14.02 | 83.1 ± 3a | 105.13 ± 0.4c | 96.77 ± 1.6b |
| 3 | p-coumaric acid | 17.18 | ND | ND | 1.28 ± 0.1 |
| 4 | Ferulic acid | 17.7 | 209.2 ± 20.6b | ND | 6.17 ± 6.0a |
| 5 | p-coumaroylquinic acid | 19.65 | ND | ND | 145.57 ± 25.5 |
| Total (µmol/L) (%) | 292.3 ± 33.4b | 121.7 ± 6.1a | 260.4 ± 49.2b | ||
| (41.52 %) | (30.43 %) | (38.12 %) | |||
| Hydroxyphenylpropionic acids | |||||
| 6 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | 15.64 | 31.3 ± 0.2c | 28.89 ± 0.5b | 19.22 ± 0.8a |
| 7 | 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | 17.3 | 1.4 ± 0.9a | 0.85 ± 0.1a | LoQ |
| Total (µmol/L) (%) | 32.7 ± 1c | 29.74 ± 0.8b | 19.22 ± 0.8a | ||
| (4.64 %) | (7.43 %) | (2.81 %) | |||
| Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | |||||
| 8 | 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 15.9 | LoQ | 0.81 ± 0.1 | LoQ |
| Total (µmol/L) (%) | (0 %) | (0.2 %) | (0 %) | ||
| Hydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds | |||||
| 9 | Syringic acid | 4.4 | 41.4 ± 3a | 30.17 ± 4.a | 53.02 ± 19a |
| 10 | Gallic acid | 5.79 | 12.2 ± 2 | ND | ND |
| 11 | 3-hydroxybenzoic acid | 13.06 | 18.2 ± 2 | ND | ND |
| Total (µmol /L) (%) | 71.8 ± 1b | 30.17 ± 4a | 53.02 ± 19b | ||
| (10.2 %) | (7.54 %) | (7.76 %) | |||
| Flavonoids | |||||
| 12 | Methoxymaysin | 11.51 | 0.2 ± 0.1a | 0.14 ± 0.1a | ND |
| 13 | Quercetina-3-O-galactoside | 14.41 | ND | 2.12 ± 0.3a | 3.1 ± 0.1b |
| 14 | Maysin | 15.08 | 0.9 ± 0.1a | 0.77 ± 0.1a | 1.88 ± 0.1b |
| 15 | Maysin derivative | 15.37 | 8.4 ± 1.8b | LoQ | 1.1 ± 0.1a |
| 16 | Apimaysin | 16.32 | 1.6 ± 0.1b | 1.49 ± 0.2b | 0.46 ± 0.3a |
| 17 | Quercetin-3-p-sambubioside | 16.36 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | ND | ND |
| 18 | Maysin derivative | 19.04 | 12.2 ± 0.3b | 4.77 ± 0.1a | 5.41 ± 0.2a |
| 19 | Quercetin | 20.33 | ND | ND | 114.81 ± 11.1 |
| 20 | 3-Methoxymaysin | 21.3 | 2.0 ± 0.9a | 5.39 ± 0.3b | 6.34 ± 0.3c |
| Total (µmol /L) (%) | 25.8 ± 5.1b | 14.68 ± 1.4a | 133.1 ± 17.3c | ||
| (3.66 %) | (3.69 %) | (19.48 %) | |||
| Ellagic acids and related compounds | |||||
| 21 | Isourolithin A | 9.92 | 128.8 ± 13.3c | 49.5 ± 5.8a | 58.4 ± 2.5b |
| 22 | Ellagic acid | 17.47 | 3.6 ± 3.0a | 4.3 ± 0.3a | 5.4 ± 5.0a |
| 23 | Urolithin A | 20.09 | 2.9 ± 0.1ª | 6.2 ± 1.7b | ND |
| 24 | Urolithin C | 20.58 | 2.5 ± 0.6a | 3.8 ± 0.7b | 4.4 ± 0.5b |
| 25 | Urolithin B | 22.44 | LoQ | 4.1 ± 0.2ª | 5.1 ± 0.6b |
| Total (µmol /L) (%) | 137.8 ± 13.5c | 67.9 ± 4.1a | 73.3 ± 5.1b | ||
| (19.57 %) | (16.97 %) | (10.73 %) | |||
| Other phenolics acids | |||||
| 26 | Pyrogallol | 4.58 | 143.6 ± 0.3b | 134.98 ± 3.1a | 144.1 ± 0.4b |
| Total (µmol/L) (%) | (20.4 %) | (33.74 %) | (21.1 %) | ||
| Total soluble polyphenols (µmol/L) (%) | 704 ± 18.6b | 400.1 ± 5.5c | 683.1 ± 14.7a | ||
| (100 %) | (100 %) | (100 %) | |||
1
Values represent means ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). ND: not detected; LoQ: Limit of Quantification. The commercial samples were obtained in the city of Tepic Nayarit, Mexico. TT, Tejuino obtained from Tecnológico zone; TL, Tejuino obtained from Leon Street. AR, Tejuino obtained from la Yesca, Nayarit, México, prepared by Wixárika ethnic group.