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. 2021 Jun 9;1:23. doi: 10.1038/s43705-021-00025-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A Free competition, the obligate and non-obligate OHRB compete with each other for the carbon source, electron donor and acceptor. B Conditional competition, the non-obligate OHRB provide carbon source and electron donor, as well as cobalamin if necessary, for the obligate OHRB, but both populations need to compete for the same electron acceptor. C syntrophic cooperation, the obligate OHRB need to derive carbon source and electron donor from non-obligate OHRB for organohalide respiration, and consequently facilitate the syntrophic acetogenesis of the non-obligate OHRB by removing metabolites in the medium in which the organohalide and carbon source can be exclusively used by the obligate and non-obligate OHRB, respectively.