Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria following the population-concept-context criteria recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	GDMa	Type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Concept	Smartphone apps associated with a hospital-based clinical portal facilitating remote monitoring	Smartphone apps for personal surveillance of GDM but with no oversight from the obstetric diabetes team through a hospital clinical portal
Context	Surveillance of at least 1 element of GDM care (glycemic indices, diet, exercise, weight, blood pressure)	Surveillance of additional parameters not primarily involved in GDM care (eg, psychological assessment, remote management of a separate obstetric condition)

^aGDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.