Table 5.
Means (SDs), univariate F test values, and effect sizes for outcome variables in female participants.
| Variable | Scale range | Baseline, mean (SD) | After the intervention | Follow-up | ||||||||||
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|
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Intervention | Control | Intervention, mean (SD) | Control, mean (SD) | F test (df) | P value | Effect sizea | Intervention, mean (SD) | Control, mean (SD) | F test (df) | P value | Effect sizea | |
| Body Image Ideals Questionnairescoreb | −3 to 9 | 2.14 (1.21) | 2.10 (1.17) | 1.30 (0.99) | 1.94 (1.20) | 26.02c (1) | <.001d | 0.11 | 1.42 (0.09) | 1.91 (0.087) | 17.48c (1) | <.001 | 0.077 | |
| Body Appreciation Scale-2 scoree | 1 to 5 | 3.44 (0.77) | 3.50 (0.75) | 3.79 (0.48) | 3.57 (0.44) | 37.80c (1) | <.001 | 0.27 | 3.73 (0.05) | 3.60 (0.045) | 38.00c (1) | <.001 | 0.27 | |
| Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form scoree | 1 to 5 | 2.88 (0.63) | 2.98 (0.55) | 3.28 (0.04) | 3.09 (0.041) | 10.82f (1) | .001 | 0.049 | 3.20 (0.47) | 3.05 (0.043) | 5.92g (1) | .02 | 0.027 | |
| SATAQ-4Rh: Internalisation Thin/Low Body Fatb score | 1 to 5 | 3.15 (0.86) | 3.03 (0.89) | 2.77 (0.85) | 3.03 (0.92) | 18.49c (1) | <.001 | 0.081 | 2.79 (0.06) | 3.00 (0.053) | 7.21f (1) | .008 | 0.033 | |
| SATAQ-4R: peer pressureb score | 1 to 5 | 2.23 (1.00) | 2.14 (0.98) | 2.00 (0.07) | 2.28 (0.065) | 9.73f (1) | .002 | 0.044 | 2.12 (0.08) | 2.30 (0.073) | 2.93 (1) | .09 | 0.014 | |
| SATAQ-4R: Media pressureb score | 1 to 5 | 3.26 (1.04) | 3.18 (1.23) | 2.77 (0.09) | 3.27 (0.080) | 18.08c (1) | <.001 | 0.079 | 2.80 (0.09) | 3.12 (0.085) | 6.49a (1) | .01 | 0.031 | |
aEffect sizes of 0.01=small, 0.06=moderate, and 0.14=large [68].
bLower scores are more desirable.
cP<.001.
dItalicized values indicate a significant P value at .05.
eHigher scores are more desirable.
fP<.01.
gP<.05.
hSATAQ-4R: Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 Revised.