Figure 3 legend.

Structural equation model (SEM) depicting a direct association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and asthma-related hospitalizations. Numbers shown indicate pathway beta coefficients within the SEM. Those in red denote significant associations, while those in gray denote insignificant ones. The latent variable labeled “Low SES status” is composed of three SES domains: income- and household size-determined poverty status,^42,43 unemployment, and low educational level attainment. Hospitalizations are asthma related.