Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the “Living Healthy” Participants
| General Health Education Group (n = 99) | Intervention Group (n = 96) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | P | |
| Sociodemographics | |||
| Age, M, SD | 57.9, 10.8 | 60.0, 9.9 | .15 |
| Female | 74 (74.7) | 81 (84.4) | .10 |
| African American | 94 (94.9) | 94 (97.9) | .27 |
| Annual household income | .98 | ||
| < $40,000 | 83 (83.8) | 81 (84.4) | |
| ≥ $40,000 | 8 (8.1) | 7 (7.3) | |
| Declined to provide | 8 (8.1) | 8 (8.3) | |
| Education | .38 | ||
| Less than high school | 32 (32.3) | 23 (24.0) | |
| High school | 32 (32.3) | 38 (39.6) | |
| Some college or greater | 35 (35.4) | 35 (36.5) | |
| Health behaviors | |||
| Smoked at least 1 cigarette in past 30 days | 1 (1.1) | 4 (4.8) | .15 |
| Physical activity level, compared to others of similar age: | .42 | ||
| Less active | 44 (44.4) | 34 (35.4) | |
| Same as others similar age | 28 (28.3) | 30 (31.3) | |
| More active | 27 (27.3) | 32 (33.3) | |
| Number of days, consuming high-fat food in the past 7 days | 3.2, 2.1 | 2.6, 1.8 | .05 |
| Medications | |||
| Use of any prescription pain medication | 54 (55.7) | 46 (48.4) | .31 |
| Physiological | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2, M, SD | 36.7, 7.1 | 38.3, 8.8 | .15 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, M, SD | 133.4, 21.4 | 133.2, 20.3 | .94 |
| Hemoglobin A1c %, M, SD | 8.4, 2.2 | 8.2, 2.1 | .40 |
| Psychosocial | |||
| Pain coping (range 0–6) M, SD | 2.0, 0.9 | 1.8, 0.9 | .15 |
| CES-D score, short form, (range 0–22) M, SD | 8.2, 4.8 | 7.2, 4.1 | .13 |
| CES-D score ≥ 9 n, % | 51 (51.5) | 41 (42.7) | .22 |
| Social support (range 4–12) M, SD | 6.0, 1.8 | 6.0, 2.0 | .97 |
| Physical component score of SF-12 M, SD | 37.5, 8.8 | 38.8, 8.9 | .33 |