Table 2.
Changes in Control-Intervention Differences From Baseline to 3- and 12-Month Follow-Up, the Living Healthy Trial
| Panel A. Pain Self-Efficacy Score (Range 10–100) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 99) | Intervention group (n = 96) | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | 6.5 | (2.3–10.7) | 25.2 | (20.9–29.4) | −18.7 | <.001 |
| Model 2 | 4.6 | (−0.04 to 9.3) | 21.5 | (16.1–26.3) | −16.5 | <.001 |
| 12-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 86)* | Intervention group (n = 89)* | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | 7.4 | (1.8–12.9) | 23.9 | (19.0–28.8) | −16,6 | <.001 |
| Model 2 | 6.8 | (−0.1 to 13.8) | 23.7 | (17.1–30.4) | −16,9 | .0005 |
| Panel B. McGill Pain Intensity Score (Range 0–45) | ||||||
| 3-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 99) | Intervention group (n = 96) | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | −3.0 | (−4.4 to −1.5) | −5.4 | (−6.9 to −4.0) | 2.5 | .02 |
| Model 2 | −2,2 | (−4.0 to −0.5) | −4.4 | (−6.3 to −2.5) | 2.1 | .07 |
| 12-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 86) | Intervention group (n = 89) | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | 1.0 | (−2.3 to 2.5) | −4.3 | (−6.0 to −2.6) | 4.4 | .004 |
| Model 2 | 0.4 | (−2.2 to 2.3) | −4.0 | (−6.4 to −1.6) | 4.0 | .01 |
| Panel C. WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index Score (Range 0–100) | ||||||
| 3-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 99) | Intervention group (n = 96) | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | −4.2 | (−7.9 to 0.4) | −10.3 | (−13.1 to −7.5) | 6.2 | .01 |
| Model 2 | −3.1 | (−7.3 to 1.0) | −12.0 | (−16.1 to −7.8) | 8.8 | .002 |
| 12-Month change | ||||||
| GHE group (n = 86) | Intervention group (n = 89) | |||||
| LS-mean | (95% CI) | LS-mean | (95% CI) | C-I mean difference in change | P value for difference | |
| Model 1 | 0.0 | (−3.7 to 4.2) | −11.7 | (−14.5 to −8.8) | 11.9 | < .001 |
| Model 2 | 1.8 | (−2.5 to 6.2) | −10.7 | (−14.7 to −6.7) | 12.6 | < .001 |
Abbreviations: C-I, control-intervention difference or difference between intervention arm and GHE arm; GHE, general health education; LS-mean, least square mean.
Model 1 adjusted for baseline score and clustering.
Model 2 adjusts for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, high-fat food intake, pain coping score, depressive symptoms, all of which demonstrated trends toward imbalance across treatment arms at baseline (Table 1).
*
175 participants were available at 12-month follow-up.
P values < .05 are bolded.