FIG. 1.

Effect of LPS exposure on Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokine production. Whole blood, obtained from seven healthy subjects before and at different time points after LPS injection (4 ng/kg), was stimulated in vitro for 24 h at 37°C with αCD3/αCD28 (1:1,000) or SEB (1 μg/ml). Data are means ± SE and are expressed as cytokine production per 10⁶ CD3⁺CD4⁺ lymphocytes. ∗, P < 0.05 in comparison with the baseline, as determined by the Wilcoxon test.