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. 2022 Nov 22;13:976196. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976196

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Epigenetic therapy with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA reprograms the M2-type macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype. (A, B) ELISA to quantify the M2-type (A) and M1-type (B) cytokines secreted into the culture medium after treatment of M2-type macrophages (M2) with 50 nM 5-aza-dC (M2A) and 25 nM TSA (M2T), alone or in combination (M2AT). M1-type macrophages (M1) were used as a control. (C, D) qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of M2-type (C) and M1-type (D) cytokines and markers after treatment of M2-type macrophages with 5-aza-dC and TSA in combination. (E) Flow cytometric analysis of the surface expression of CD206 and CD86 after treatment of M2-type macrophages with 5-aza-dC and TSA in combination. Data represent the mean ± SD of three separate experiments performed in triplicates. **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001; n.s., not significant, as assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc test.