Figure 3.

In vivo murine and in vitro human studies illustrating endothelial cell (EC) heterogeneity in response to inflammatory stimuli. (A) In vivo murine EC-translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) study highlights tissue heterogeneity as demonstrated by variable upregulated and downregulated transcriptomes and translatomes following LPS exposure via volcano plots (i) and GO analysis (ii). Leukocyte migration responses vary by tissue. Adapted from (15), used under Creative Commons PNAS license. (B) In vivo RiboTag transgenic mouse study shows differentially expressed genes in brain and lung ECs in response to LPS. The time course response varies between tissues. Created at http://www.rehmanlab.org/ribo from open access data generated by (27), under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). (C) In vitro comparison of the response of two human cell lines, human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human pulmonary microvascular ECs (HPMECs), to TNFα stimulation with or without EC permeability regulator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). While HUVECs are desensitized to TNFα following S1P exposure (i), HPMEC barriers are further disrupted (ii). Adapted from (68), used under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND license. (D) In vitro comparison of the response of three human cell lines, HUVECs, glomerular endothelial cells (GEC), and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MvE), to TNFα and IFNγ stimulation. The kinetics of the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, PECAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, significantly differs between cell sources. Adapted from (28) with permission from Elsevier; Copyright © 2001 Academic Press.