Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the subjects according to sex
| Men (n = 406) | Women (n = 519) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 76.3 ± 3.5 | 74.9 ± 3.6 | 0.53 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 25.2 ± 2.4 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 0.47 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.3 ± 7.6 | 87.6 ± 7.9 | < 0.01* |
| PBF (%) | 25.9 ± 5.3 | 36.6 ± 5.6 | < 0.01* |
| Obesity by BMI | |||
| Normal (BMI < 25 kg/cm2) | 204 (50.2) | 253 (48.7) | 0.691 |
| Obese (BMI ≥25 kg/cm2) | 202 (49.8) | 266 (51.3) | |
| Central obesity by WC | |||
| No (men < 90, women < 85) | 188 (46.3) | 181 (34.9) | < 0.01* |
| Yes (men ≥90, women ≥85) | 218 (53.7) | 338 (65.1) | |
| Obesity by PBF | |||
| No (men < 27, women < 38) | 231 (56.9) | 286 (55.1) | 0.594 |
| Yes (men ≥27, women ≥38) | 175 (43.1) | 233 (44.9) | |
| Family lives together (%) | |||
| Together | 372 (91.6) | 261 (50.3) | < 0.01* |
| Alone | 34 (8.4) | 258 (49.7) | |
| Income per month | |||
| More than 3 | 109 (26.8) | 66 (12.7) | < 0.01* |
| (Korean million won†, %) | |||
| 1–3 | 166 (40.9) | 189 (36.4) | |
| Less than 1 | 131 (32.3) | 264 (50.9) | |
| Education years | |||
| More than 13 | 114 (28.1) | 42 (8.1) | < 0.01* |
| 6–12 | 180 (44.3) | 184 (35.5) | |
| Less than 6 | 112 (27.6) | 293 (56.5) | |
| Location of residence (%) | |||
| Urban | 323 (79.9) | 297 (86.2) | < 0.01* |
| Rural | 81 (20.0) | 71 (13.8) | |
| Current smoker (%) | 40 (9.9) | 2 (0.4) | < 0.01* |
| Alcohol use (%) | 287 (70.7) | 338 (65.1) | 0.77 |
| Hypertension (%) | 209 (51.5) | 314 (60.5) | < 0.01* |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 110 (27.1) | 214 (41.2) | < 0.01* |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 91 (22.4) | 90 (17.3) | 0.055 |
| Depression (%) | 6 (1.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0.192 |
| Knee OA (%) | 45 (11.1) | 166 (32.0) | < 0.01* |
| Osteoporosis (%) | 10 (2.5) | 112 (21.6) | < 0.01* |
| MMSE-KC | 26.7 ± 2.4 | 25.8 ± 2.8 | < 0.01* |
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, PBF percentage of body fat, OA osteoarthritis, MMSE-KC Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korean version
*P < 0.01
†1 million Korean won is approximately 800 US dollars