Fig. 1. Development and characterization of CDNPs. (A) Schematic of cyclodextrin nanoparticle (CDNP) preparation through EDC/NHS-mediated crosslinking of succinyl-β-cyclodextrin by l-lysine with subsequent drug loading by guest–host interaction. CDNP diameter dependence on CD concentration (B; 10 : 1 EDC, 0.5 : 1 lysine), the molar ratio of lysine to succinyl groups (C; 3.3%w/v CD, 10 : 1 EDC), and the molar ratio of EDC to succinyl groups (D; 3.3%w/v CD, 0.5 : 1 lysine). (E and F) CDNP characterization (3.3%w/v CD, 0.5 : 1 lysine, and 12.5 : 1 EDC). (E) Number average histogram of particle size. Inset values: z-average diameter and polydispersity index (PDI); mean ± SD. (F) Corresponding representative scanning electron microscopy images. Scale bar: 200 nm. Inset: higher resolution image of a single CDNP. Scale bar: 50 nm.
