Table 5.
Other outcomes*.
| Outcome |
EA group
(n = 54) |
Control group
(n = 52) |
P-value## | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDQ | ||||
| Week 2† | 6.34 ± 0.14 | 6.29 ± 0.12 | 0.840 | |
| P-value# | 0.005 | 0.300 | ||
| Week 26† | 6.11 ± 0.07 | 6.65 ± 0.25 | 0.057 | |
| P-value# | 0.134 | 0.147 | ||
| P-value of difference between post-follow-up and pre-treatment# | 0.017 | 0.548 | ||
| P-value of difference between post-follow-up and post-treatment# | 0.134 | 0.147 | ||
| upper abdominal pain | 1 ± 0 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 0.147 | |
| postprandial fullness | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 1.16 ± 0.07 | 0.081 | |
| early satiety | 1.04 ± 0.04 | 1.08 ± 0.05 | 0.301 | |
| upper abdominal cauterization | 1 ± 0 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 0.147 | |
| postprandial nausea | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 0.537 | |
| belching | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 1.27 ± 0.11 | 0.020 | |
| Menstrual symptoms | ||||
| Week 26 | 10.97 ± 0.59 | 20.15 ± 0.60 | 0.801 | |
| QoL | ||||
| Week 26 | 6.34 ± 0.14 | 6.29 ± 0.12 | 0.840 | |
| PF†. | 95.19 ± 1.03 | 92.84 ± 1.19 | 0.025 | |
| PF‡ | 12.17 ± 2.08 | 12.35 ± 1.79 | 0.946 | |
| RP† | 96.23 ± 2.22 | 96.08 ± 1.66 | 0.492 | |
| RP‡ | 41.04 ± 6.43 | 25 ± 5.22 | 0.062 | |
| BP† | 87.13 ± 1.79 | 88.82 ± 1.65 | 0.500 | |
| BP‡ | 16.77 ± 2.57 | 15.86 ± 1.95 | 0.770 | |
| GH† | 76.26 ± 2.60 | 72.33 ± 3.09 | 0.410 | |
| GH‡ | 13.43 ± 3 | 9.53 ± 2.28 | 0.291 | |
| VT† | 78.11 ± 2.10 | 78.24 ± 1.74 | 0.865 | |
| VT‡ | 13.21 ± 2.36 | 8.82 ± 2.62 | 0.134 | |
| SF† | 116.75 ± 2.09 | 114.71 ± 2.29 | 0.242 | |
| SF‡ | 12.97 ± 3.16 | 11.52 ± 2.93 | 0.529 | |
| RE† | 89.31 ± 3.15 | 93.46 ± 2.15 | 0.456 | |
| RE‡ | 28.3 ± 6.19 | 28.76 ± 5.82 | 0.936 | |
| MH† | 76.53 ± 2.18 | 75.61 ± 1.83 | 0.722 | |
| MH‡ | 7.7 ± 2.53 | 6.82 ± 2.31 | 0.794 | |
| SF-MPQ | ||||
| Week 2- Pain rating Index (PRI)‡ | 1.38 ± 0.23 | 1.22 ± 0.20 | 0.562 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 2- sensory item scores‡ | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 0.86 ± 0.15 | 0.997 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 2- emotional item scores‡ | 0.53 ± 0.12 | 0.35 ± 0.11 | 0.181 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 2-VAS scores‡ | 0.87 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.587 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 2- present pain intensity (PPI) ‡ | 1.17 ± 0.05 | 1.33 ± 0.07 | 0.055 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.001 | ||
| Week 26 | ||||
| Week 26- Pain rating Index (PRI)‡ | 1.04 ± 0.17 | 1.49 ± 0.27 | 0.322 | |
| P-value# | 0.129 | 0.307 | ||
| Throbbing pain | 0 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.039 | |
| Tingling | 0 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.308 | |
| Cutting pains | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sharp pain | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Spasmodic pain | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Biting pain | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Burning pain | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Soreness | 0.55 ± 0.08 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.311 | |
| Cramping and swelling pain | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.125 | |
| Tender | 0 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.308 | |
| Cleavage pain | 0 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.308 | |
| Week 26-sensory scores‡ | 0.58 ± 0.10 | 0.98 ± 0.18 | 0.185 | |
| P-value# | 0.125 | 0.468 | ||
| Week 26- emotional item scores‡ | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 0.51 ± 0.12 | 0.642 | |
| P-value# | 0.502 | 0.202 | ||
| Week 26- VAS scores‡ | 0.57 ± 0.09 | 1.12 ± 0.17 | 0.051 | |
| P-value# | 0.035 | 0.472 | ||
| Week 26- present pain intensity (PPI) ‡ | 1.06 ± 0.03 | 1.16 ± 0.06 | 0.160 | |
| P-value# | 0.058 | 0.039 | ||
| EPDS | ||||
| Week 2† | 6.53 ± 0.58 | 5.80 ± 0.52 | 0.455 | |
| P-value# | 0.005 | 0.002 | ||
| Week 26† | 5.3 ± 0.65 | 6 ± 0.76 | 0.475 | |
| P-value# | 0.001 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 2‡ | −1.23 ± 0.57 | 0.20 ± 0.77 | 0.222 | |
| P-value# | 0.319 | 0.101 | ||
| Week 26‡ | −2.64 ± 0.66 | −1.67 ± 0.76 | 0.469 | |
| P-value of difference between post-follow-up and pre-treatment# | 0.001 | 0.004 | ||
| P-value of difference between post-follow-up and post-treatment# | 0.029 | 0.773 | ||
| MBIS | ||||
| Week 2 | 16.39 ± 5.60 | 14.94 ± 4.55 | 0.328 | |
| P-value# | 0.002 | 0.050 | ||
| Week 26 | 14.21 ± 6.03 | 13.02 ± 5.57 | 0.554 | |
| P-value# | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| HerQles | ||||
| Week 2 | 15.96 ± 10.25 | 14.24 ± 10.89 | 0.267 | |
| P-value# | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Week 26 | 13.36 ± 4.35 | 12.96 ± 4.96 | 0.824 | |
| P-value# | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| DRA-related symptom | ||||
| Urine leakage | ||||
| Week 2 | 5 (9.3%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.29 | |
| Week 26 | 7 (13.0%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.104 | |
| Urinary frequency | ||||
| Week 2 | 4 (7.4%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.74 | |
| Week 26 | 0 | 3 (5.8%) | 0.072 | |
| Urinary urgency | ||||
| Week 2 | 3 (5.6%) | 2 (3.7%) | 0.33 | |
| Week 26 | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.594 | |
| Constipation | ||||
| Week 2 | 12(0.22%) | 7 (13.0%) | 0.22 | |
| Week 26 | 5 (9.3%) | 7 (13.5%) | 0.677 | |
| Sexual dysfunction | ||||
| Week 2 | 6 (11.1%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.45 | |
| Week 26 | 6 (11.1%) | 15 (28.8%) | 0.02 | |
| Chronic pelvic pain | ||||
| Week 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | |
| Week 26 | 0 | 1 (1.9%) | 0.303 | |
AC, abdominal circumference; EA, electroacupuncture; BMI, body mass index; SD, Standard Deviation; HC, hip circumference; IQR, Inter-Quartile Range; IRD= inter recti distance; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; F%, percentage body fat; PF, physical functioning; RP, role-physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health; VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role-emotional; MH, mental health; HT, health transition.
*
Data for 106 patients (54 randomized to the EA group and 52 to the control group) were used in the final analysis.
#
Comparisons of means within group.
##
Comparisons were carried out between groups.
†
The mean value.
‡
The difference.
The pelvic girdle includes inguinal, pubic symphysis, coccyx, sacrum, and either side of the pelvis.
§
The midpoint of umbilicus and xiphoid process.
Δ
At the supine position.