Table 2.
Summary of treatment modalities used in each case in the resolved cohort. A treatment was considered unsuccessful if it did not show clinical improvement and the authors switched to a different treatment.
| Publication | Age | Antibiotic | Antiviral | Steroids | MTX | CYA | Biologic | IVIG | Phototherapy | Other Treatments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blohm et al. (2021) | 13 y | + | + | Topical urea | ||||||
| Ngo et al. (2021) | 43 y | + | + | +/M | + | |||||
| Wu et al. (2021) | 7 y | + | X | + | ||||||
| Schaan de Souza et al. (2020) | NR | + | + | X | + | + | ||||
| Wang et al. (2020) | 11 y | X | X | + | Double filtration plasmapheresis was ineffective. Lymphoplasmapheresis showed improvement. | |||||
| Weins et al. (2020) | 9 m | + | + | |||||||
| Kilgallon et al. (2018) | 13 y | + | + | +/M | ||||||
| Alratrout et al. (2016) | 8 y | + | + | + | ||||||
| Kreuter et al. (2016) | 35 y | X | X | + | ||||||
| Bulur et al. (2015) | 11 y | X | + | + | ||||||
| Griffith-Bauer et al. (2015) | 6 y 7 y | X + | X | + + | ||||||
| Lode et al. (2015) | 20 m | + | + | |||||||
| Shah et al. (2014) | 20 y | + | + | +/M | ||||||
| Uzoma et al. (2014) | 18 y 13 y | X + | + | + | Pentoxifylline Pentoxifylline | |||||
| Yamada et al. (2014) | 7 y | X | + | Potassium iodide was ineffective. | ||||||
| Hervas et al. (2013) | 9 y | + | + | + | + | Human serum albumin and topical zinc sulfate | ||||
| Lejuste et al. (2013) | 64 y | + | ||||||||
| Luo et al. (2013) | 15 y | + | + | |||||||
| Nanda et al. (2013) | 12 y | + | + | X | X | + | ||||
| Oliveira et al. (2013) | 33 y | + | ||||||||
| Rosman et al. (2013) | 11 y | + | + | + | Whirlpool baths and cyclophosphamide | |||||
| Kaufman et al. (2012) | 21 m 22 m | + | +/M +/M | |||||||
| Lin et al. (2012) | 10 y | + | +/M | |||||||
| Perrin et al. (2012) | 34 m | + | + | + | +/M | + | ||||
| Harenberg et al. (2010) | 30 y | + | X | + | X | Suprathel, Aquacell, and polyhexanide solution | ||||
| Marenco et al. (2010) | 23 y | + | +/M | + | + | |||||
| Nassif et al. (2010) | 49 y | + | ||||||||
| Zhang et al. (2010) | 12 y | X | +/M | +/M | ||||||
| Helbling et al. (2009) | 17 y | + | ||||||||
| Smith et al. (2009) | 24 y | + | + | Potassium permanganate baths | ||||||
| Sotiriou et al. (2008) | 20 y | + | + | +/M | High-calorie parenteral therapy, whirlpool and permanganate baths | |||||
| Kim et al. (2007) | 8 y | + | + | + | hPDGF and DuoDerm dressings | |||||
| Pyrpasopoulou et al. (2007) | 17 y | + | X | +/M | +/M | + | Potassium permanganate baths | |||
| Aydingoz et al. (2006) | 37 y | + | + | |||||||
| Helmbold et al. (2006) | 20 y | X | + | X | ||||||
| Herron et al. (2005) | 8 y | + | +/M | + | ||||||
| Tsianakas et al. (2005) | 9 y | + | + | + | ||||||
| Ito et al. (2003) | 12 y | + | +/M | + | X | Topical tocoretinate ointment | ||||
| Rivera et al. (2003) | 33 y | + | + | |||||||
| Yanaba et al. (2002) | 21 y | + | + | + | Serum albumin, FFP, cultured epidermal autografts and meshed allografts of cadaver skin | |||||
| Yang et al. (2002) | 14 y | + | + | |||||||
| Ricci et al. (2001) | 10 y | |||||||||
| Tsai et al. (2001) | 45 y | + | X | + | ||||||
| Suarez et al. (1996) | 32 y | + | + | + | Whirlpool baths | |||||
| Fink-Punches et al. (1994) | 16 y | + | + | + | ||||||
| Lopez-Estebaranz et al. (1993) | 18 y | + | + | +/M | + | Whirlpool baths | ||||
| Luberti et al. (1991) | 12 y | +/M | X | X | Whirlpool baths | |||||
| Nakamura et al. (1986) | 21 y | + | ||||||||
| Warshauer et al. (1983) | 54 y | + | + | X | Thiabendazole did not suppress flares | |||||
| Auster et al. (1979) | 7 y | + | ||||||||
| Burke et al. (1969) | 15 y 12 y | + | + | Whole blood, pooled plasma, albumin, γ-globulin, and whirlpool baths Whirlpool baths |
Cyclosporine (CYA), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), human platelet derived growth factor (hPDGF), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), maintenance treatment (M), methotrexate (MTX), months (m), successful treatment (+), unsuccessful treatment (X), years (y).