Table 2. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the matched study population stratified by right ventricular dysfunction (RVD).
| Preserved RV function (TAPSE >17) | p for TTVI vs control | Mid-range RV function (TAPSE 13-17) | p for TTVI vs control | Reduced RV function (TAPSE <13) | p for TTVI vs control | |||||
| Control N=82 | TTVI N=84 | Control N=89 | TTVI N=90 | Control N=42 | TTVI N=39 | |||||
| Age, years | 79 [74, 85] | 79 [75, 82] | 0.57 | 77 [72, 81] | 78 [75, 82] | 0.34 | 76 [68, 82] | 78 [69, 82] | 0.61 | |
| Female | 48 (59) | 52 (62) | 0.75 | 43 (48) | 50 (56) | 0.37 | 18 (43) | 16 (41) | 1.00 | |
| NYHA Class III or IV | 72 (88) | 71 (85) | 0.66 | 80 (90) | 81 (90) | 1.00 | 38 (91) | 38 (97) | 0.36 | |
| EuroSCORE II | 3.4 [2.1, 5.9] | 4.0 [2.7, 5.7] | 0.31 | 5.3 [3.2, 8.5] | 5.3 [3.0, 7.8] | 0.86 | 4.7 [2.8, 7.4] | 5.2 [4.0, 8.2] | 0.23 | |
| TMTVR | NA | 20 (29) | NA | NA | 25 (36) | NA | NA | 9 (36) | NA | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 72 (88) | 75 (89) | 0.81 | 80 (90) | 81 (90) | 1.00 | 36 (86) | 32 (82) | 0.77 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 20 (24) | 20 (24) | 1.00 | 18 (20) | 21 (23) | 0.72 | 8 (19) | 9 (23) | 0.79 | |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m² | 48 [35, 62] | 49 [33, 62] | 0.85 | 45 [31, 58] | 46 [32, 56] | 0.83 | 45 [33, 64] | 38 [26, 59] | 0.22 | |
| Haemodialysis | 4 (5) | 5 (6) | 1.00 | 7 (8) | 4 (4) | 0.37 | 3 (7) | 6 (15) | 0.30 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 2,700 [1,143, 4,811] | 2,090 [1,153, 4,687] | 0.68 | 4,280 [1,766, 9,991] | 3,038 [1,748, 5,858] | 0.10 | 4,431 [2,220, 8,301] | 4,167 [1,432, 10,597] | 0.85 | |
| TAPSE, mm | 21 [19, 24] | 20 [19, 23] | 0.73 | 15 [14, 16] | 15 [14, 16] | 0.31 | 11 [9, 12] | 11 [10, 12] | 0.20 | |
| LV-EF | 60 [53, 62] | 58 [53, 64] | 0.66 | 50 [30, 60] | 54 [38, 61] | 0.037 | 54 [27, 60] | 45 [28, 57] | 0.35 | |
| LV-EF <40% | 7 (9) | 10 (12) | 0.61 | 31 (35) | 24 (27) | 0.26 | 14 (33) | 16 (41) | 0.50 | |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mm | 48 [43, 54] | 50 [45, 56] | 0.11 | 53 [46, 59] | 49 [43, 56] | 0.06 | 49 [40, 58] | 52 [46, 57] | 0.28 | |
| MR ≥grade 3 | 21 (26) | 29 (36) | 0.17 | 23 (26) | 28 (32) | 0.41 | 11 (26) | 8 (22) | 0.79 | |
| RV size | Midventricular RV diameter, mm | 40 [33, 48] | 42 [35, 50] N=55 | 0.36 | 40 [35, 46] | 40 [34, 49] N=55 | 0.60 | 43 [36, 48] | 42 [29, 50] N=26 | 0.32 |
| Tricuspid annular diameter, mm | – | 48 [43, 53] | NA | – | 47 [43, 51] N=65 | NA | – | 46 [43, 52] N=29 | NA | |
| RV>LV | 18 (22) | 12 (22) N=55 | – | 13 (15) | 14 (26) N=55 | 0.13 | 3 (12) | 15 (36) N=26 | 0.046 | |
| sPAP, mmHg | 46 [33, 57] | 44 [35, 50] | 0.38 | 45 [35, 57] | 47 [38, 60] | 0.28 | 42 [33, 60] | 41 [30, 52] | 0.41 | |
| sPAP >50 mmHg | 33 (40) | 18 (21) | 0.011 | 30 (34) | 38 (42) | 0.28 | 14 (33) | 11 (28) | 0.639 | |
| Data are n (%), or medians (interquartile range). EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LV-EF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; MR: mitral regurgitation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; RV: right ventricular; sPAP: estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TMTVR: combined transcatheter mitral plus tricuspid valve repair; TTVI: transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention | ||||||||||