Zilleruelo 1993.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study characteristics Study design: parallel RCT Study duration: not reported Study follow‐up: 3 months
Participants	Baseline characteristics Country: USA Setting: not reported Inclusion criteria: patients undergoing either bicarbonate or acetate HD Number (total): 33 Dialysis modality: HD Mean age, range (years): 37, 12 to 72 Sex (M/F): not reported Mean dialysis duration, range (months): 39, 6 to 192 Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Intervention group L‐carnitine (IV): 2000 mg at each dialysis session for 3 months Control group Placebo
Outcomes	Outcomes relevant to this review Myocardial function: intradialytic hypotension
Notes	Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Study was described as randomised; method of randomisation was not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)	Low risk	Quote: "double‐blind placebo‐controlled" study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Muscle symptoms	Low risk	Quote: "double‐blind" study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Myocardial function	Low risk	Quote: "double‐blind" study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Muscle symptoms	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Myocardial function	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement

ACEi: angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CAD: coronary artery disease; CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CHF: congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; EPO: erythropoietin; ESKD: end‐stage kidney disease; Hb: haemoglobin; HCT: haematocrit; HD: haemodialysis; HDL: high density lipoprotein; IP: intraperitoneal; IQR: interquartile range; IV: intravenous; KDQ: Kidney Disease Questionnaire; LVM: left ventricular mass; M/F: male/female; MI: myocardial infarction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PD: peritoneal dialysis; PTH: parathyroid hormone; RCT: randomised controlled trial; rHuEPO: recombinant human erythropoietin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SC: subcutaneous; SD: standard deviation; SF‐36: Short Form 36; SI: serum iron; TIBC: total iron binding capacity; URR: urea reduction ratio; VAS: visual analogue scale; w/v: weight/volume