Table 2 –
Arrest characteristics and NIRS data for all cardiac arrest events;
| Arrest Characteristics | All events N = 23 | ROSC N = 17 | No ROSC N = 6 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interventions in place at time of arrest* | ||||
| None | 1 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 0.26 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 22 (95.7) | 17 (100) | 5 (83.3) | 0.26 |
| High frequency ventilation | 5 (21.7) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (16.7) | 1 |
| Vasoactive infusions | 8 (34.8) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (33.3) | 1 |
| Central venous access | 16 (70) | 12 (70.6) | 4 (66.7) | 1 |
| Dialysis | 4 (17.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Nitric oxide | 4 (17.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Hospital CPR Location | 0.059 | |||
| PICU | 20 (87) | 16 (94.1) | 4 (66.7) | |
| CICU | 1 (4.3) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | |
| ED | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | |
| Prior OHCA on this admission | 5 (19.2) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0.63 |
| Cause of arrest | 0.31 | |||
| Respiratory failure | 6 (26.1) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Hypotension/shock | 8 (34.8) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (33.3) | |
| Ingestion/toxin | 2 (8.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Metabolic/electrolyte abnormality | 1 (4.4) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Seizure | 2 (8.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Pulmonary hypertensive crisis | 2 (8.7) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (16.7) | |
| ALTE/SIDS | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | |
| Initial rhythm | 0.91 | |||
| Bradycardia with poor perfusion | 6 (26) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (16.7) | |
| VF/pulseless VT | 5 (21.7) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Asystole | 2 (8.7) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 10 (43.5) | 7 (41.2) | 3 (50) | |
| CPR duration (minutes) | 16 (7, 19) | 10 (4, 19) | 18.5 (18, 30) | 0.056 |
| Epinephrine doses | 0.008 | |||
| 0 | 4 (15.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | |
| 1–2 | 8 (30.8) | 7 (41.2) | 0 (0) | |
| 3–5 | 10 (38.5) | 6 (35.3) | 3 (50) | |
| >5 | 4 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | |
| Number of Epinephrine doses | 3 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 3) | 5 (4, 8) | <0.001 |
| Defibrillated | 5 (21.7) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (16.7) | 1 |
| Airway during Arrest | 0.39 | |||
| LMA | 1 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Pre-existing | 19 (82.6) | 14 (82.4) | 5 (83.3) | |
| Intubated | 3 (13) | 3 (17.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Arrest medications | ||||
| None | 3 (13) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (16.7) | 1 |
| Bicarbonate | 11 (47.8) | 8 (47.1) | 3 (50) | 1 |
| Calcium | 10 (43.5) | 8 (47.1) | 2 (33.3) | 66 |
| Vasopressin | 4 (17.4) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (33.3) | 0.27 |
| Lidocaine | 4 (17.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Amiodarone | 3 (13) | 3 (17.7) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Steroid | 1 (4.4) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Epinephrine infusion | 5 (21.7) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (50) | 0.09 |
| Norepinephrine infusion | 4 (17.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Dopamine infusion | 3 (13) | 3 (17.7) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Nitric oxide | 7 (30.4) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (33.3) | 1 |
| Blood products | 2 (8.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Monitoring during CPR | ||||
| Arterial line | 19 (73.1) | 13 (76.5) | 6 (66.7) | 0.66 |
| EtCO2 | 18 (78.3) | 13 (76.5) | 5 (83.3) | 1.oo |
| Zoll | 15 (65.2) | 10 (58.8) | 5 (83.3) | 0.37 |
| EEG | 3 (13) | 3 (17.7) | 0 (0) | 0.53 |
VF: ventricular fibrillation, VT: ventricular tachycardia, ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation.