TABLE 3.

Identified compounds from essential oil, oleoresin, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts of P. cubeba berries.

Compound name	Relative abundance (%)				References
	Essential oil	Oleoresin	Ethanol extract	Dichloromethane
α-Phellandreneb	0.2	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
α-Terpineneb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(21)
α-Caryophyllenea	1.14	−−−	0.62	−−−	(18)
α-Copaeneb	8.8	6.2	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
α-Cubebenea,b	4.1	3.5	2.07	−−−
α-Guaieneb	0.2	0.2	−−−	−−−	(18)
α-Gurjuneneb	0.3	0.6	−−−	−−−
α-Humuleneb	0.9	1.5	−−−	−−−
α-Muuroleneb	0.6	1.3	−−−	−−−
α-Pineneb	4.1	0.5	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
α-Selinenea	0.47	−−−	−−−	−−−
α-Terpineola	0.96	−−−	−−−	−−−
α-Terpinolene a	1.41, 0.9	−−−	−−−	−−−
α-Thujene b	4.5	0.6	−−−	−−−
β-Caryophyllenea,b	5.65, 3.7	3.7b	−−−	−−−
β-caryophyllene oxidea,b	0.96, 0.3	−−−	−−−	−−−
β-Caryophyllene, transa	−−−	−−−	−−−	1.9	(19)
β-Cubebeneb	18.3	12.3	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
β-Elemenea,b	0.66, 0.6	1.4b	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
β-Myrcene a,b	1.23 a, 0.3 b,	−−−	−−−	−−−
β-Ocimene a	0.30	−−−	−−−	−−−
β-Ocimene, trans	−−−	0.2	−−−	−−−	(21)
β-Phellandreneb	5.9	1.2	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
β-Pineneb	0.7	0–2	−−−	−−−
γ-Amorpheneb	2.0	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18)
δ-3-Careneb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
δ-Cadinenea,b	0.19a, 0.9b	2.7	−−−	−−−	(18, 20, 21)
δ-Elemene a,b	0.9	0–6b	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
δ-Terpineneb	0.2	−−−	−−−	−−−	(21)
allo-Aromadendreneb	3.1	3.5	−−−	−−−	(18)
Aromadendreneb	0.1	−−−	−−−	−−−
Bicyclogermacreneb	1.5	0.7	−−−	−−−
Cadina-1(2),4-diene-transb	0.2	1.0	−−−	−−−
Campheneb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Camphorb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
Caryophyllene oxidea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.65	(19)
cis-Sabinene hydrateb	0.9	0.3	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
Citrala	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.6	(19)
Citronellola	0.10	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Copaene a	−−−	−−−	13.47	−−−	(18)
Cubebolb	4.7	26.1	−−−	−−−
Cubebol stereoisomerb	0.2	5.6	−−−	−−−
Cyclohexenea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.82	(19)
D-Limonenea	0.12	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Estragolea	0.15	−−−	−−−	−−−
Ethynylbenzenea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.71	(19)
Eugenola	33.95	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Germacrene Da,b	0.15a, 2.6b	8.3b	−−−	−−−	(18, 20, 21)
Germacrene-Bb	0.1	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18)
Hexanala	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.38	(19)
Isocaryophyllene a	−−−	−−−	2.23	−−−	(18)
Isocembrola	0.16	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Isoledeneb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
Isopropylpyrazine a	−−−	−−−	1.52	−−−	(18)
Ledol a,b	−−−	2.9	6.25	−−−	(18, 21)
Linaloola,b	0.22, 4.9	1.5 b	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Methyl eugenola	41.31	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Muurola-4(14), 5-diene trans b	−−−	0.4	−−−	−−−	(18)
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-oct a	−−−	−−−	1.83	−−−
Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro a	−−−	−−−	2.23	−−−
Napthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro a	−−−	−−−	10.36	−−−
p-Cymeneb	1.0	−−−	−−−	−−−	(21)
p-Cymene-8-ol a	3.50	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Phytol	−−−		−−−	0.44	(19)
Propylene glycol	−−−	−−−	−−−	23.82	(19)
Sabineneb	19.4	5.8	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Spathulenola,b	0.18, 0.4	−−−	−−−	−−−
Terpinen-4-ola,b	1.80, 0.9	−−−	−−−	−−−
Terpinoleneb	Trace	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
trans-Sabinene-hydrateb	0.5	0.1	−−−	−−−	(18, 21)
Undecanea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.31	(19)
Undecanoic acid, ethyl estera	−−−	−−−	1.36	−−−	(18)
Viridiflorola,b	0.39, 0.3	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
Zingibereneb	0.1	−−−	−−−	−−−	(18)
(2R,2′′R)-(-)-Tetrahydro-2,2-′-biuranyl-5,5′-dionea	−−−	−−−	−−−	1.30	(19)
(2S)-3-Methyl-3-buttene-1,2-diol	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.15	(19)
(E)-Geraniola	0.19	−−−	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
1,3,6-Heptatriene,2,5,6-trimethyl a	−−−	−−−	4.54	−−−	(18)
1,6-Octadienea	−−−	−−−		0.25	(19)
1,8-Cineolea,b	2.94, trace	0.8 b	−−−	−−−	(20, 21)
1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro a	−−−	−−−	3.71	−−−	(18)
1-Naphthalenol, decahydro-4a-methyl a	−−−	−−−	1.37	−−−	(18)
2-Pentenea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.5	(19)
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienala	−−−	−−−	−−−	1.42
3-Carenea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.18
3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.22
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanonea	−−−	−−−	−−−	0.29
4-Methylthiazole a	−−−	−−−	0.18	−−−	(18)
5-Undecyne a	−−−	−−−	1.06	−−−	(18)

Trace: < 0.05; ^aGC-MS; ^bMS and −−− (not found).