TABLE 5.
Antibacterial activity of P. cubeba.
| Bacteria | Extract | Used method | Effects | References |
| E. coli | Steam-distilled oil | Disk diffusion method | ZI = 9 mm | (111, 112) |
| B. subtilis | ZI = 11 mm | |||
| V. cholerae | ZI = 11 mm | |||
| S. aureus | ZI = 9 mm | |||
| S. albus | ZI = 10 mm | |||
| S. dysenteriae | ZI = 10 mm | |||
| C. dyphteriae | ZI = 13 mm | |||
| S. typhi | ZI = 12 mm | |||
| S. lutea | ZI = 9 mm | |||
| S. faecalis | ZI = 11 mm | |||
| B. pumtlus | ZI = 16 mm | |||
| S. pyogenes | ZI = 14 mm | |||
| M. luteus | ZI = 8 mm | |||
| P. solanacearum | ZI = 30 mm | |||
| E. coli | Acetone | Disk diffusion method | ZI = 10 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | (113) |
| S. aureus | ZI = 16 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 13 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | |||
| E. coli | Chloroform | ZI = 12 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | ||
| S. aureus | ZI = 11 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 10 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | |||
| E. coli | Ethanolic | ZI = 10 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | ||
| S. aureus | ZI = 15 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 13 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | |||
| E. coli | Aqueous | ZI = 15 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | ||
| S. aureus | ZI = 8 mm; MIC = 1 mg/L | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 15 mm; MIC = 0.5 mg/L | |||
| B. subtilis | Essential oil | Disk diffusion method | ZI = 17 mm | (114) |
| E. coli (ATCC43895) | ethanolic extract | Microdilution method | MIC = 0.63 mg/mL; MBC = 1.25 mg/mL | (115) |
| B. cereus (ATCC 11778) | n-hexane | Disk diffusion method | ZI = 12 mm | (105) |
| Dichloromethane | ZI = 23 mm | |||
| MeOH | ZI = 11 mm | |||
| S. aureus (NCTC 1803) | n-hexane | ZI = 17 mm | ||
| Dichloromethane | ZI = 16 mm | |||
| S. mutans | Acetone | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 12.64 mm; MIC = 50 mg/mL | (64) |
| Methanol | ZI = 12.31 mm; MIC = 50 mg/mL | |||
| Ethanol | ZI = 13 mm; MIC = 50 mg/mL | |||
| S. aureus | Acetone | ZI = 18.96 mm; MIC = 25 mg/mL | ||
| Methanol | ZI = 17.65 mm; MIC = 25 mg/mL | |||
| Ethanol | ZI = 17.32 ± 0.57 mm; MIC = 25 mg/mL | |||
| B. cereus (JN 934390) | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method and microdilution method | ZI = 15.0 mm; MIC = 3.12 mg/mL; MBC = 12.5 mg/mL | (20) |
| B. subtilis (JN 934392) | ZI = 16.0 ± 0.7 mm; MIC = 6.25 mg/mL; MBC = 12.5 mg/mL | |||
| S. aureus (ATCC 6538) | ZI = 19.5 mm; MIC = 1.56 mg/mL; MBC = 3.12 mg/mL | |||
| L. monocytogenes (ATCC 19115) | ZI = 19.0 mm; MIC = 1.56 mg/mL; MBC = 3.12 mg/mL | |||
| M. luteus (NCIMB 8166) | ZI = 16.0 mm; MIC = 1.56 mg/mL; MBC = 6.25 mg/mL | |||
| K. pneumoniae (ATCC 10031) | ZI = 13.0 mm; MIC = 3.12 mg/mL; MBC = 6.25 mg/mL | |||
| S. enterica (ATCC 43972) | ZI = 23.0 mm; MIC = 12.5 mg/mL; MBC = 25 mg/mL | |||
| S. typhimurium (ATCC 19430) | ZI = 13.5 mm; MIC = 6.25 mg/mL; MBC = 12.5 mg/mL | |||
| E. coli (ATCC 25922) | ZI = 21.0 mm; MIC = 3.12 mg/mL; MBC = 6.25 mg/mL | |||
| P. agglomerans | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 5 mm | (116) |
| X. campestris pv. citri | ZI = 11 mm | |||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Diethyl ether oleoresin | Agar well diffusion method | 2 μL/well: ZI = 22.mm | (117) |
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 36.1 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 0 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 13.2 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 29.2 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 53.3 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 47.2 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 65.2 mm | ||||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Ethanol oleoresin | 2 μL/well: ZI = 12.4 mm | ||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 18.3 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 18.1 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 32.0 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 14.3 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 29.3 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 56.3 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 100 mm | ||||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Petroleum ether, benzene oleoresin | 2 μL/well: ZI = 23.6 mm | ||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 42.1 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 36.3 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 73.3 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 0 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 21.4 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 56.4 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 60.0 mm | ||||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Chloroform oleoresin | 2 μL/well: ZI = 17.1 mm | ||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 26.4 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 23.5 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 44.9 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 50.0 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 68.3 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 49.2 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 84.1 mm | ||||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Methanol oleoresin | 2 μL/well: ZI = 19.2 mm | ||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 30.2 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 0 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 0 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 28.5 ± 1.4 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 67.0 ± 0.1 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 32.6 ± 0.6 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 41.3 ± 2.1 mm | ||||
| S. aureus MTCC 3103 | Essential oil | 2 μL/well: ZI = 30.6 ± 0.3 mm | ||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 50.4 ± 1.6 mm | ||||
| B. subtilis MTCC 1790 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 46.6 ± 1.2 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 72.3 ± 1.1 mm | ||||
| E. coli MTCC 1672 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 42.0 ± 0.3 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 80.0 ± 0.3 mm | ||||
| S. typhi MTCC 733 | 2 μL/well: ZI = 56.3 ± 0.1 mm | |||
| 6 μL/well: ZI = 100 | ||||
| E. coli | Hydro-alcoholic | Disk diffusion method | ZI = 18 ± 0.64 mm | (117) |
| S. saprophyticus | ZI = 19 ± 0.26 mm | |||
| K. pneumonia | ZI = 19 ± 0.51 mm | |||
| P. mirabilis | ZI = 20 ± 0.41 mm | |||
| E. coli | Agar Well method | ZI = 20 ± 0.00 mm | ||
| S. saprophyticus | ZI = 18 ± 0.47 mm | |||
| K. pneumonia | ZI = 18 ± 0.18 mm | |||
| P. mirabilis | ZI = 19 ± 0.37 mm | |||
| E. coli | n-Hexane | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 30 ± 2.3; MIC = 7.5 mg/mL | (117) |
| Salmonella sp. | ZI = 32 ± 2.0; MIC = 5.0 mg/mL | |||
| S. flexneri | ZI = 37 ± 1.6; MIC = 5.0 mg/mL | |||
| V. parahaemolyticus | ZI = 38 ± 0.6; MIC = 5.0 mg/mL | |||
| V. cholerae | ZI = 31 ± 2.0; MIC = 5.0 mg/mL | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 17 ± 0.6; MIC = 5.0 mg/mL | |||
| L. delbrueckii | ZI = 25 ± 0.7; MIC = 10.0 mg/mL | |||
| Brochothrix sp. | ZI = 11 ± 0.6; MIC = 20.0 mg/mL | |||
| B. subtilis | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 26.5 ± 1.1 mm | (117) |
| S. aureus | ZI = 41.2 ± 1.5 mm | |||
| B. cereus | Total inhibition | |||
| E. coli | ZI = 25.6 ± 1.5 mm | |||
| S. typhi | ZI = 17.0 ± 0.2 mm | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 0 mm | |||
| B. subtilis | Tailed pepper oleoresin | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 32.1 ± 0.8 mm | |
| S. aureus | Total inhibition | |||
| B. cereus | ZI = 53.2 ± 1.5 mm | |||
| E. coli | ZI = 19.4 ± 1.2 mm | |||
| S. typhi | ZI = 33.2 ± 1.1 mm | |||
| S. aureus | Acetone | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 14.0 ± 0.70 mm | |
| Klebsiella sp. | ZI = 14.3 ± 0.18 mm | |||
| Enterococcus sp. | ZI = 15.2 ± 0.52 mm | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 15.3 ± 0.62 mm | |||
| E. coli | ZI = 16.3 ± 0.75 mm | |||
| S. aureus | Methanol | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 11.5 ± 0.30 mm | |
| Enterococcus sp. | ZI = 17.6 ± 0.80 mm | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 13.2 ± 0.06 mm | |||
| E. coli | ZI = 15.0 ± 0.30 mm | |||
| S. aureus | Ethanol | Agar well diffusion method | ZI = 9.0 ± 0.05 mm | |
| Klebsiella sp. | ZI = 8.5 ± 0.10 mm | |||
| Enterococcus sp. | ZI = 11.3 ± 0.16 mm | |||
| P. aeruginosa | ZI = 9.6 ± 0.34 mm | |||
| E. coli | ZI = 8.5 ± 0.17 mm | |||
| S. mutans KCCM3309 | Methanol (100 mg/mL) | Disc Diffusion Assay and microdilution method | ZI = 10.00 mm; MIC = 0.23 mg/mL; MBC = 0.23 mg/mL | (117) |
| Ethanol (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 10.33 mm; MIC = 0.10 mg/mL; MBC = 0.10 | |||
| Hexane (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 10.00 mm; MIC = 0.10 mg/mL; MBC = 0.10 | |||
| S. sobrinus ATCC33478 | Methanol (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 12.17 mm; MIC = 0.93 mg/mL; MBC = 16.67 mg/mL | ||
| Ethanol (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.13 mm; MIC = 0.80 mg/mL; MBC = 20.83 mg/mL | |||
| Hexane (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 12.07 mm; MIC = 0.87 mg/mL; MBC = 20.83 mg/mL | |||
| A. viscosus ATCC15987 | Methanol (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.67 mm; MIC = 0.80 mg/mL; MBC = 20.83 mg/mL | ||
| Ethanol (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.17 mm; MIC = 0.47 mg/mL; MBC = 20.83 mg/mL | |||
| Hexane (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 12.67 ± 0.58 mm; MIC = 0.87 ± 0.70 mg/mL; MBC = 13.54 ± 10.97 mg/mL | |||
| S. mutans KCCM3309 | Hexane fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 9.33 mm; MIC = 0.10 mg/mL; MBC = 0.10 mg/mL | ||
| Ethyl acetate fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 9.66 mm; MIC = 0.13 mg/mL; MBC = 0.13 | |||
| Aqueous methanol fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.00 mm; MIC = 0.10 mg/mL; MBC = 0.10 | |||
| S. sobrinus ATCC33478 | Hexane fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.13 mm; MIC = 0.67 mg/mL; MBC = 25.00 mg/mL | ||
| Ethyl acetate fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.07 mm; MIC = 3.15 mg/mL; MBC = 25.00 mg/mL | |||
| Aqueous methanol fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 11.20 mm; MIC = 1.07 mg/mL; MBC = 7.29 mg/mL | |||
| Ac. viscosus ATCC15987 | Hexane fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 12.00 mm; MIC = 1.58 mg/mL; MBC = 16.67 mg/mL | ||
| Ethyl acetate fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 10.83 mm; MIC = 1.20 mg/mL; MBC = 25.00 mg/mL | |||
| Aqueous methanol fraction (100 mg/mL) | ZI = 12.33 mm; MIC = 1.07 μg/mL; MBC = 12.50 μg/mL |
IZ, inhibition zone; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.