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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 12.
Published in final edited form as: Analyst. 2022 Jul 12;147(14):3340–3349. doi: 10.1039/d2an00794k

Table 1.

Morphological characterization of GNS-2, GNS-4, and GNS-5.

Number of spikes Core size (nm) Spike length (nm) Spike aspect ratio Spike sharpness
GNS-2 7–8 22 ± 10 18 ± 8 1.8 7 ± 2
GNS-4 10–15 40 ± 20 45 ± 8 4 3 ± 2
GNS-5 20–35 50 ± 20 53 ± 12 5.2 3 ± 2