| Valve morphology |
Abnormal/flail/large coaptation defect |
| Colour flow regurgitant jet areaa
|
Large in central jets, variable in eccentric jets |
| CW signal of regurgitant jet |
Dense |
| Other |
Holodiastolic flow reversal in descending aorta (EDV >20 cm/s) |
|
Semiquantitative
|
| Vena contracta width (mm) |
>6 |
| Pressure half-timeb (ms) |
<200 |
|
Quantitative
|
| EROA (mm2) |
≥30 |
| Regurgitant volume (mL/beat) |
≥60 |
| Enlargement of cardiac chambers |
LV dilatation |
| CW: continuous wave; EDV: end-diastolic velocity; EROA: effective regurgitant orifice area; LV: left ventricle/left ventricular. aAt a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s. bPressure half-time is shortened with increasing LV diastolic pressure, vasodilator therapy, and in patients with a dilated compliant aorta, or lengthened in chronic aortic regurgitation. Adapted from Lancellotti P et al. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:611-644. Copyright (2013) by permission of Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. |
