TABLE 1—
Client and Clinic Characteristics of Women With Contraceptive Provision Visits in US Community Health Centers: 2017–2019
| Characteristics | All Patients, No. (%) | Any Most Effective Contraceptive During Study, No. (%) | Only Moderately Effective Contraceptive During Study, No. (%) | P |
| Women | 114 280 | 88 167 | 26 113 | |
| Woman-level characteristics at first contraceptive visit during study period | ||||
| Age, y | < .001 | |||
| 15–17 | 15 672 (13.7) | 12 205 (13.8) | 3 467 (13.3) | |
| 18–19 | 10 966 (9.6) | 8 718 (9.9) | 2 248 (8.6) | |
| 20–24 | 23 710 (20.7) | 18 414 (20.9) | 5 296 (20.3) | |
| 25–29 | 23 271 (20.4) | 17 572 (19.9) | 5 699 (21.8) | |
| 30–34 | 18 094 (15.8) | 13 763 (15.6) | 4 331 (16.6) | |
| 35–39 | 12 224 (10.7) | 9 359 (10.6) | 2 865 (11.0) | |
| 40–49 | 10 343 (9.1) | 8 136 (9.2) | 2 207 (8.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | < .001 | |||
| Latina | 44 754 (39.2) | 33 370 (37.8) | 11 384 (43.6) | |
| Non-Latina White | 34 354 (30.1) | 26 692 (30.3) | 7 662 (29.3) | |
| Non-Latina Black | 21 535 (18.8) | 17 881 (20.3) | 3 654 (14.0) | |
| Non-Latina other | 7 388 (6.5) | 5 604 (6.4) | 1 784 (6.8) | |
| Missing | 6 249 (5.5) | 4 620 (5.2) | 1 629 (6.2) | |
| Income as % of federal poverty levela | < .001 | |||
| < 100 | 71 937 (62.9) | 55 297 (62.7) | 16 640 (63.7) | |
| 101–150 | 15 185 (13.3) | 11 589 (13.1) | 3 596 (13.8) | |
| 151–200 | 6 203 (5.4) | 4 754 (5.4) | 1 449 (5.5) | |
| > 200 | 7 973 (7.0) | 6 258 (7.1) | 1 715 (6.6) | |
| Missing | 13 220 (11.6) | 10 327 (11.7) | 2 893 (11.1) | |
| Payor | < .001 | |||
| Private | 23 846 (20.9) | 18 756 (21.3) | 5 090 (19.5) | |
| Public | 66 008 (57.8) | 50 045 (56.8) | 15 963 (61.1) | |
| Uninsured | 24 426 (21.4) | 19 366 (22.0) | 5 060 (19.4) | |
| Provider | < .001 | |||
| Women’s health MD/APC | 32 873 (28.8) | 23 477 (26.6) | 9 396 (36.0) | |
| Other provider | 81 407 (71.2) | 64 690 (73.4) | 16 717 (64.0) | |
| Clinic-level characteristics | ||||
| First study visit to a Title X clinic | 33 570 (29.4) | 24 310 (27.6) | 9 260 (35.5) | < .001 |
| First study visit at a rural clinic | 4 675 (4.1) | 3 860 (4.4) | 815 (3.1) | < .001 |
| State-level characteristics | ||||
| State Family Planning/1115 Waiver as of January 2016 | 90 606 (79.3) | 69 857 (79.2) | 20 749 (79.5) | .43 |
| Medicaid Expansion under ACA as of January 2016 | 84 312 (73.8) | 61 880 (70.2) | 22 432 (85.9) | < .001 |
Note. ACA = Affordable Care Act; MD/APC = persons with MD, DO, or advanced practice nursing (advanced practice registered nurse, certified nurse–midwife, doctor of nursing practice, physician assistant) degree. Contraceptive provision is captured from prescription records and administrative diagnosis and procedure codes. Most effective contraceptive methods are implant and intrauterine device. Moderately effective contraceptive methods are injection, oral pill, patch, and vaginal ring.
aAs determined by the Department of Health and Human Services in the year of the patient’s clinic visit or the year that the most recent patient data were available.