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. 2022 Dec 6;17(12):e0278558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278558

Table 2. Group comparisons regarding body image disturbance facets, eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder pathology, and everyday discrimination experiences.

Variables Gay men (n = 112) Heterosexual men (n = 104) Group Comparisons
M SD M SD T df p 1 Cohen’s d
Cognitive-affective body image disturbance
    BAS 3.31 0.72 3.63 0.80 -3.01 214 .008 -0.42
    DLS 3.85 1.13 3.78 1.04 0.48 214 .675 0.06
    DTS 2.64 1.14 2.20 0.88 3.24 207.25 .005 0.43
Behavioral body image disturbance
    BICSI–appearance fixing 1.37 0.58 1.07 0.52 3.99 214 < .001 0.55
    BISCI–avoidance 0.83 0.57 0.66 0.50 2.23 214 .045 0.32
    GNBCQ 2.06 0.70 1.98 0.64 0.87 214 .488 0.12
Overall body image disturbance
    BIDQ 1.95 0.71 1.62 0.70 3.38 214 .005 0.47
    EDE-Q total score 1.48 1.15 1.12 0.96 2.52 214 .033 0.34
Eating disorder pathology
    EDE-Q–restraint 1.22 1.35 1.03 1.16 1.15 214 .341 0.15
    EDE-Q–eating concern 0.65 1.07 0.45 0.74 1.60 198.08 .165 0.22
    EDE-Q–weight concern 1.49 1.32 1.11 1.13 2.26 214 .045 0.31
    EDE-Q–shape concern 2.03 1.38 1.49 1.25 3.02 214 .009 0.41
Body dysmorphic pathology
    DCQ 6.60 3.90 5.39 3.97 2.26 214 .045 0.31
Everyday discrimination experiences
    EDS 1.82 0.68 1.80 0.80 0.249 214 .800 0.03

Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; BAS = Body Appreciation Scale-2; BICSI = Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory; BIDQ = Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire; DCQ = Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire; DLS = Drive for Leanness Scale; DTS = Drive for Thinness Scale; EDE-Q = Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; GNBCQ = Gender-Neutral Body Checking Questionnaire; EDS = The Everyday Discrimination Scale. Significant group comparisons are in bold.

1Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-values.