FIG. 4.

Effects of inhibiting IL-1 and/or TNF-α on endothelial cell stimulation by C. albicans. Endothelial cells were exposed to medium or live C. albicans 36082 in the presence of IL-1ra and/or an anti-TNF-α MAb for 8 h. Surface expression of E-selectin (A), ICAM-1 (B), and VCAM-1 (C) and the concentration of IL-8 in the media (D) were measured by ELISA. Data are the mean ± standard deviation of at least three independent experiments. ∗ and ∗∗, P < 0.001 and P ≤ 0.01 compared to endothelial cells exposed to C. albicans in the absence of inhibitors. OD, optical density.