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Candida-induced VCAM-1 expression requires IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Endothelial cells were infected with live C. albicans 36082 in the presence of MAbs directed against the indicated cytokines for 8 h. VCAM-1 expression was determined by cell surface ELISA. Results are the mean ± standard deviation of four separate experiments. ∗ P < 0.001 compared to endothelial cells exposed to C. albicans in the presence of control mouse IgG1. OD, optical density.
