Table 3.

Evaluation of the risk for antibiotic resistance.

	Resistant group	OR (95% CI) for antibiotic-resistant	p
Demographic data	n = 43
Age	66.4 ± 14.6	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	.92
Gender (F)	12 (27.9)	1.74 (0.57–5.27)	.32
Smoking	14 (32.6)	0.84 (0.32–2.19)	.72
Hospitalized patients	37 (86.0)	3.52 (1.15–10.76)	.02 *
Hospitalization in the intensive care unit	16 (37.2)	4.29 (1.27–14.47)	.01 *
Presence of symptoms	39 (90.7)	1.34 (0.31–5.83)	.69
Invasive procedures	9 (20.9)	0.60 (0.21–1.73)	.35
Computed Tomography Findings
Consolidation	22 (56.4)	2.84 (1.06–7.58)	.03 *
Pleural effusion	11 (28.2)	1.17 (0.40–3.40)	.76
Central bronchiectasis	12 (30.7)	6.66 (1.36–32.51)	.01 *
Mass lesion	7 (17.9)	1.18 (0.33–4.15)	.79
Ground glass appearance	6 (15.3)	2.07 (0.21–19.67)	.52
Emphysema	2 (5.1)	0.29 (0.06–1.62)	.15
Cavitary lesion	5 (12.8)	4.55 (0.50–41.20)	.17
Bronchial obstruction	3 (7.6)	0.80 (0.15–4.29)	.80
Presence of comorbid disorder	n = 33
COPD	28 (84.8)	2.87 (1.12–7.34)	.03 *
Hypertension	18 (54.5)	0.97 (0.39–2.44)	.96
Cardiovascular disease	14 (42.4)	1.50 (0.54–4.18)	.43
Lung cancer	16 (48.4)	3.31 (1.06–10.32)	.03 *
Diabetes mellitus	13 (39.3)	4.33 (1.11–16.77)	.03 *
Tuberculosis History	6 (18.2)	2.51 (0.47–13.35)	.27
Cerebrovascular disease	2 (6.1)	0.48 (0.07–3.10)	.44
Chronic kidney failure	1 (3)	0.36 (0.03–4.25)	.42

(%) = column percentages, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, OR = 1 implies the probability of antibiotic resistance.

^*P value = 0.05 significant.