TABLE 2.
In-Hospital and 30-Day Variables of Interest in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury According to Strata Defined by Presence or Absence of Hyperchloremia
| Variables | No Hyperchloremia | Single Occurrence of Hyperchloremia | Two or More Occurrences of Hyperchloremia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n (%) | 247 (24.9) | 164 (16.5) | 580 (58.5) |
| Fluids and electrolytes (first 24 hr) | |||
| Total fluids administered in first 24 hr (L, mean ± sd)a | 6.1 ± 4.4 | 8.5 ± 7.6 | 10.2 ± 7.9 |
| Single episode of hypernatremiaab | 8 (3.2) | 30 (18.3) | 95 (16.4) |
| Two or more episodes of hypernatremiaab | 19 (7.7) | 39 (23.8) | 358 (61.7) |
| In-hospital interventions | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 106 (42.9) | 85 (51.8) | 383 (66.0) |
| Hyperventilation in first 5 d | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.8) | 15 (2.6) |
| Ventriculostomy in first 5 da | 22 (8.9) | 24 (14.6) | 105 (18.1) |
| Craniotomy first 5 da | 25 (10.1) | 18 (11.0) | 108 (18.6) |
| Additional hypertonic fluids in first 5 d | 24 (9.7) | 23 (14.0) | 92 (15.9) |
| Mannitol use in first 5 da | 44 (17.8) | 39 (23.8) | 170 (29.3) |
| Autologous blood transfusions in first 24 hr (mL, mean ± sd) | 16.3 ± 228.5 | 34.8 ± 222.8 | 25.4 ± 253.3 |
| In-hospital events | |||
| Serious adverse events | 54 (21.9) | 42 (25.6) | 163 (28.1) |
| Serious adverse events related to intervention | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.2) | 17 (2.9) |
| Worse renal organ dysfunction score (mean ± sd)a | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.2 ± 0.6 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 17 (6.9) | 13 (7.9) | 62 (10.7) |
| Total ICU d (mean ± sd)a | 7.2 ± 9.6 | 7.9 ± 9.4 | 11.4 ± 16.2 |
| Post hospitalization events | |||
| Death within 30 da | 49 (19.8) | 39 (23.8) | 181 (31.2) |
| Death, vegetative state, or disability at 30 da | 118 (47.8) | 75 (45.7) | 320 (55.2) |
| Disability rating scale at 30 d (mean ± sd)a | 12.0 ± 12.6 | 13.4 ± 13.1 | 17.4 ± 12.8 |
aSignificant at p = 0.05 (Student t test and χ2 tests with Bonferroni correction for continuous and categorical variables, respectively).
bHypernatremia is defined by serum sodium > 145 mmol/L.