Table 2.
Characteristics of 30 032 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest
| All | 2004–07 | 2008–11 | 2012–16 | 2017–20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 30 032 | 2173 | 6768 | 12 264 | 8827 |
| Age, years—mean (SD) | 71.8 (14.7) | 71.7 (14.2) | 72.5 (14.2) | 72.1 (14.3) | 70.9 (15.7) |
| Female sex—n (%) | 11 522 (38.4) | 833 (38.3) | 2670 (39.5) | 4653 (37.9) | 3366 (38.2) |
| Location of cardiac arrest—n (%) | |||||
| Emergency room | 3174 (10.6) | 175 (8.1) | 625 (9.2) | 1260 (10.3) | 1114 (12.6) |
| Catheterization lab | 2297 (7.6) | 165 (7.6) | 416 (6.1) | 898 (7.3) | 818 (9.3) |
| Coronary care unit | 4886 (16.3) | 419 (19.3) | 1221 (18.0) | 2009 (16.4) | 1237 (14.0) |
| Intermediary ward | 199 (0.7) | 197 (2.2) | |||
| Intensive care unit | 2772 (9.2) | 216 (9.9) | 622 (9.2) | 1102 (9.0) | 832 (9.4) |
| Paraclinical department | 1194 (4.0) | 70 (3.2) | 243 (3.6) | 500 (4.1) | 381 (4.3) |
| Operation room | 576 (1.9) | 31 (1.4) | 105 (1.6) | 251 (2.0) | 189 (2.1) |
| Regular ward | 14 235 (47.4) | 1024 (47.1) | 3363 (49.7) | 5981 (48.8) | 3867 (43.8) |
| Other ward | 699 (2.3) | 73 (3.4) | 173 (2.6) | 261 (2.1) | 192 (2.2) |
| Cause of cardiac arrest—n (%) | |||||
| Myocardial ischaemia/infarction | 7410 (39.8) | 738 (58.6) | 1861 (46.4) | 2975 (40.9) | 1836 (30.1) |
| Cardiovascular, other | 193 (1.0) | 193 (3.2) | |||
| Cardiomyopathy | 57 (0.3) | 57 (0.9) | |||
| Primary arrhythmia | 390 (2.1) | 389 (6.4) | |||
| Cerebrovascular insult | 63 (0.3) | 63 (1.0) | |||
| Respiratory insufficiency | 2890 (15.5) | 168 (13.3) | 603 (15.0) | 1195 (16.4) | 924 (15.2) |
| Aspiration | 76 (0.4) | 76 (1.2) | |||
| Thromboembolism | 175 (0.9) | 175 (2.9) | |||
| Hemorrhage | 179 (1.0) | 179 (2.9) | |||
| Infection | 342 (1.8) | 341 (5.6) | |||
| Cancer | 70 (0.4) | 70 (1.1) | |||
| Other | 6793 (36.4) | 353 (28.0) | 1549 (38.6) | 3103 (42.7) | 1788 (29.4) |
| Rescue team alerted within 60 s—n (%) | 19 502 (80.1) | 1357 (79.5) | 4410 (79.3) | 8041 (80.2) | 5694 (80.7) |
| CPR provided within 60 s—n (%) | 23 608 (89.5) | 1505 (86.1) | 5193 (87.6) | 9703 (89.9) | 7207 (91.1) |
| Coexisting and coinciding conditions—n (%) | |||||
| Ongoing acute myocardial infarction | 7195 (27.2) | 710 (37.8) | 1836 (30.6) | 2883 (25.6) | 1766 (24.2) |
| History of acute myocardial infarction | 6776 (24.6) | 599 (30.7) | 1642 (26.2) | 2844 (24.3) | 1691 (22.0) |
| Ongoing stroke | 877 (3.2) | 73 (3.8) | 200 (3.2) | 390 (3.3) | 214 (2.8) |
| History of stroke | 3331 (11.8) | 251 (12.7) | 818 (12.8) | 1449 (12.1) | 813 (10.3) |
| History of diabetes | 7576 (26.7) | 483 (24.2) | 1689 (26.2) | 3233 (26.9) | 2171 (27.5) |
| History of heart failure | 9463 (35.2) | 712 (37.8) | 2368 (38.6) | 3976 (34.8) | 2407 (32.2) |
| History of cancer, any | 5320 (19.1) | 315 (16.3) | 1137 (17.9) | 2277 (19.2) | 1591 (20.6) |
| Witnessed cardiac arrest—n (%) | 23 983 (81.1) | 1758 (82.3) | 5385 (80.6) | 9691 (80.7) | 7149 (81.8) |
| ECG monitoring—n (%) | 15 790 (53.3) | 1189 (55.9) | 3323 (49.6) | 6364 (52.6) | 4914 (56.7) |
| CPR provided before rescue team arrival—n (%) | 24 776 (91.9) | 1780 (88.2) | 5687 (90.7) | 10 312 (92.8) | 6997 (92.5) |
| Defibrillated before rescue team arrival—n (%) | 4515 (17.9) | 404 (23.5) | 1097 (18.7) | 1824 (17.6) | 1190 (16.4) |
| Shockable initial rhythm—n (%) | 7386 (26.8) | 682 (36.1) | 1736 (28.4) | 2940 (25.9) | 2028 (24.8) |
| Defibrillated, any—n (%) | 9742 (33.2) | 867 (42.6) | 2313 (34.5) | 3895 (32.4) | 2667 (31.1) |
| Intubated—n (%) | 14 413 (50.1) | 934 (49.8) | 3327 (50.2) | 5881 (49.6) | 4271 (50.9) |
| Adrenaline given—n (%) | 19 040 (65.7) | 1264 (66.1) | 4401 (66.2) | 7833 (65.5) | 5542 (65.6) |
| Amiodarone given—n (%) | 4355 (15.7) | 353 (20.1) | 1036 (16.3) | 1734 (15.2) | 1232 (15.1) |
| Use of mechanical CPR—n (%) | 2964 (10.5) | 170 (9.3) | 737 (11.4) | 1122 (9.7) | 935 (11.3) |
| Interventions—n (%) | |||||
| Coronary angiography | 1060 (21.0) | 55 (20.4) | 1005 (21.0) | ||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 884 (17.5) | 47 (17.5) | 837 (17.5) | ||
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECG, electrocardiogram.