Table 2.
Patient Demographics and Facility Characteristics for Penicillin-Allergic Patients who Did Not Receive a Cephalosporin Antibiotic
| Variable | Overall (N = 100) |
Reaction not Specified in Chart/Missing (N = 19) |
Pseudo Penicillin Allergy (N = 10) |
True Penicillin Allergy (N = 71) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics and characteristics | |||||
| Sex | .8538 a | ||||
| Female | 8 (8.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (9.9) | |
| Male | 92 (92.0) | 18 (94.7) | 10 (100.0) | 64 (90.1) | |
| Race | .7951 a | ||||
| African American | 24 (24.0) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (30.0) | 16 (22.5) | |
| White | 70 (70.0) | 12 (63.2) | 7 (70.0) | 51 (71.8) | |
| Other | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Missing | 5 (5.0) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.2) | |
| Age | .4336 a | ||||
| 18–44 y | 10 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10.0) | 9 (12.7) | |
| 45–64 y | 31 (31.0) | 8 (42.1) | 2 (20.0) | 21 (29.6) | |
| >64 y | 59 (59.0) | 11 (57.9) | 7 (70.0) | 41 (57.7) | |
| Smoking | .8462 a | ||||
| Current smoker | 28 (28.0) | 5 (26.3) | 4 (40.0) | 19 (26.8) | |
| Never smoked | 17 (17.0) | 4 (21.1) | 0 (0) | 13 (18.3) | |
| Past smoker | 23 (23.0) | 4 (21.0) | 2 (20.0) | 17 (23.9) | |
| Missing | 32 (32.0) | 6 (31.6) | 4 (40.0) | 22 (31.0) | |
| Antibiotic allergies | |||||
| β-lactams | 1.0 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0000 a |
| Cephalosporins | 5 (5.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.0) | .7548 a |
| Sulfas | 14 (14.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10.0) | 13 (18.3) | .0989 a |
| Macrolides | 4 (4.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.6) | .7231 a |
| Quinolones | 9 (9.0) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (8.5) | .5126 a |
| Other | 10 (10.0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (10.0) | 7 (9.9) | 1.0000 a |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Cardiac condition | 25 (25.0) | 8 (42.1) | 3 (30.0) | 14 (19.7) | .1137 a |
| Prosthetic orthopedic implant | 31 (31.0) | 8 (42.1) | 2 (20.0) | 21 (29.6) | .4214 |
| HIV-AIDS | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Cancer | 4 (4.0) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (2.8) | .3295 a |
| Heart failure | 7 (7.0) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.6) | .2600 a |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 11 (11.00) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 9 (12.7) | .6806 a |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (2.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | .4980 a |
| Dementia | 4 (4.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.2) | 1.0000 a |
| Diabetes | 11 (11.00) | 5 (26.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (8.5) | .0673 a |
| Liver disease | 4 (4.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.2) | 1.0000 a |
| Metastatic tumor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Myocardial infarction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Paralysis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (2.0) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .0436 a |
| Renal disease | 10 (10.0) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (10.0) | 6 (8.5) | .5650 a |
| Rheumatic disease | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0000 a |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0000 a |
| Gagne score median, mean (SD) | 3, 9 (14.0) | 9, 15 (18.6) | 2, 8 (12.6) | 1, 7 (12.4) | .0418 b |
| Charlson score median, mean (SD) | 0, 1 (1.6) | 0, 1 (2.3) | 0, 0 (1.3) | 0, 1 (1.5) | .2856 b |
| Elixhauser median, mean (SD) | 2, 2 (2.1) | 2, 3 (3.0) | 2, 2 (2.1) | 1, 2 (1.7) | .0459 b |
| Facility characteristics | |||||
| Rural | .3954 a | ||||
| No | 80 (80.0) | 15 (78.9) | 9 (90.0) | 56 (78.9) | |
| Yes | 19 (19.0) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (10.0) | 15 (21.1) | |
| Missing | 1 (1.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Complexity | .6079 a | ||||
| 1a | 38 (38.0) | 7 (36.8) | 2 (20.0) | 29 (40.8) | |
| 1b | 24 (24.0) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (30.0) | 17 (23.9) | |
| 1c | 16 (16.0) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (20.0) | 10 (14.1) | |
| 2 | 8 (8.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (20.0) | 6 (8.4) | |
| 3 | 14 (14.0) | 4 (21.0) | 1 (10.0) | 9 (12.7) | |
| US Census region | .3193 a | ||||
| Midwest | 25 (25.0) | 4 (21.0) | 3 (30.0) | 18 (25.4) | |
| Northeast | 25 (25.0) | 3 (15.8) | 4 (40.0) | 18 (25.4) | |
| South and other | 25 (25.0) | 8 (42.1) | 0 (0) | 17 (23.9) | |
| West | 25 (25.0) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (30.0) | 18 (25.4) | |
Note. Statistical significance = P < .0007, Bonferroni corrected.
a
Fisher exact test.
b
Kruskal-Wallis test.