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. 2022 Dec 6;12:21102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25563-x

Table 2.

Prevalence of low and high cognition among older adults aged 45 and above by alcohol and tobacco consumption behaviour and background characteristics of the individuals, LASI, Wave1, 2017–2018.

Background characteristics None Only tobacco Only alcohol Both
Low High Low High Low High Low High
Residence
Rural 12.85 10.95 12.74 10.78 13.6 15.73 10.56 13.12
Urban 4.62 26.53 6.62 20.47 1.31 33.08 4.18 26.79
Sex
Male 3.41 29.67 5.06 18.06 5.15 25.12 7.48 17.04
Female 12.24 11.78 21.67 4.39 29.23 3.8 32.42 2.51
Age
45–59 5.21 21.79 6.54 17.28 5.22 27.81 6.35 20.94
60 +  15.11 10.79 15.53 9.09 15.92 12.13 12.17 10.92
Living arrangement
Living alone 17.68 10.39 23.31 7.31 28.25 19.52 12.9 8.97
Living with Spouse and other 8.88 15.59 10.44 10.18 10.6 18.21 8.19 12.3
Living with Spouse and Children 5.87 20.92 7.21 16.06 5.52 24.95 7.71 19.14
Living with Children and other 18.01 8.58 21.63 6.48 26.11 3.28 18.3 5.65
Living with other 17.18 10.92 21.82 7.71 22.93 22.34 12.16 12.91
Marital status
Currently Married 6.59 19.74 7.88 14.87 6.48 23.62 7.81 17.8
Widowed 19.35 7.48 23.41 5.59 27.56 4.16 19.74 5.77
Other 7.82 19.68 13.31 14.23 22.15 27.1 4.28 8.38
Caste
Scheduled Caste 13.2 10.3 14.81 8.51 6.46 21.39 10.58 11.43
Scheduled Tribe 19.79 8.4 17.81 8.09 27.5 8.37 22.35 9.13
Other Backward Class 8.71 17.71 10.35 13.66 5.1 22.35 5.06 17.89
None 6.9 21.28 7.89 16.83 3.2 33.72 3.83 25.42
Education
Upto Primary 3.4 14.62 3.76 15.09 2.17 18.77 3.8 13.25
Secondary 0.63 33.39 0.45 29.93 0.12 37.59 0.47 33.24
Higher and Above 0.31 54.50 NA 47.78 NA 50.38 0.13 48.44
MPCE
Poorest 12.52 10.27 14.85 10.73 19.46 12.31 13.43 10.98
Poor 11.14 13.26 11.97 9.71 13.45 18.57 12.23 11.37
Middle 10.5 14.34 9.33 13.74 9.04 18.42 8.42 16.32
Rich 7.32 19.57 11.9 13.65 5.94 19.58 5.22 21.37
Richest 7.59 26.29 7.97 18.58 1.58 36.28 4.83 22.94
Region
North 11.95 12.02 11.91 10.59 2.99 27.04 6.42 15.39
East 11.71 13.61 10.84 11.99 18.62 19.59 12.87 15.93
North-east 11.95 22.84 14.53 18.45 8.12 17.13 9.32 22.41
South 5.5 23.16 8.64 20.18 10.41 21.35 7.09 13.56
Central 7.94 19.51 15.19 11.07 8.68 13.78 9.33 17.54
West 11.28 15.48 11.53 11.18 9.95 21.34 8.57 16.87
Total 9.84 16.65 11.48 12.77 9.97 20.85 9.2 16.04