TABLE 1:
Factors Associated with Initiation by PATH Study W4 among W1 Youth Never Users, by Tobacco Product
| Adjusted Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) of W2–W4 Initiation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 | Cigarettes 1,326 Initiators1 | ENDS 2,278 Initiators2 | Any Cigar 1,223 Initiators3 | Pipe Tobacco 244 Initiators4 | Hookah Use 1,035 Initiators5 | Any Smokeless 510 Initiators6 |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Male vs. Female | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 2.3 (1.7–3.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) |
| Age 15–17 years vs. 12–14 years | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Race/ethnicity7: NH Black vs. NH White | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
| Hispanic or Latino vs. NH White | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) |
| NH AI or AN or more than one race vs. NH White | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
| Previous Substance Use at W1 | ||||||
| Previous vs. No Tobacco Use | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 3.6 (2.3–5.7) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 2.5 (2.0–3.2) |
| Ever vs. Never Alcohol Use | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
| Ever vs. Never Marijuana Use | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Psychosocial (High GAIN Subscale Score) | ||||||
| Substance Use | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) |
| Internalizing | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Externalizing | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) |
| Exposure to Other’s Use of Tobacco | ||||||
| Household use | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) |
| Others smoking in the past 7 days | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
Each Relative Risk (RR) is adjusted for all other factors in the table; RR in bold represents statistically significantly more (if the RR>1) or fewer (if the RR<1) new users for the tobacco product for the group vs. the reference group; Due to rounding up or rounding down, some RRs are statistically significant even if their 95% CIs appear to include 1.
n=145 new W2–W4 past 12-month cigarette users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
n=262 new W2–W4 past 12-month ENDS users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
n=98 new W2–W4 past 12-month any cigar users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
n=30 new W2–W4 past 12-month pipe users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
n=112 new W2–W4 past 12-month hookah users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
n=63 new W2–W4 past 12-month any smokeless tobacco users were missing covariates and were not included in the model.
NH = Non-Hispanic; AI = American Indian; AN = Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander
Any cigar use = respondents who had ever used any of the three types of cigars (traditional cigars, cigarillos, and filtered cigars).
Any smokeless tobacco use = respondents who had ever used either snus pouches or other smokeless tobacco, not including dissolvable tobacco (which was asked as a separate category).
Due to the small number of new dissolvable tobacco users at W4 dissolvable tobacco has been removed from the table, although dissolvable tobacco remains one of the products included in the any tobacco use and other tobacco use variables.