Table 5.
Concussion history with objective cognitive functioning and subjective self-report (N=57)
| Concussion History | BSI-GSI | PSQI Total Score | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| B | 95% CI | β | p | R 2 | Β | 95% CI | β | p | Β | 95% CI | β | p | |
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| Objective Cognitive Functioning | |||||||||||||
| HVLT-R Immediate Recall a | −.41 | [−1.14, .32] | −.15 | .267 | .09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HVLT-R Immediate Recall b | −.27 | [−1.06, .52] | −.10 | .494 | .13 c | −.08 | [−.20, .03] | −.22 | .158 | −.01 | [−.35, .33] | −.01 | .948 |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recall a | −.25 | [−.64, .15] | −.17 | .220 | .07 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recall b | −.26 | [−.67, .15] | −.18 | .260 | .21 c | −.09 | [−.17, −.03] | −.43 | .005 * | .15 | [−.03, .32] | .25 | .097 |
| SDMT a | −.75 | [−2.56, 1.07] | −.11 | .414 | .10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SDMT b | −1.04 | [−1.04, .30] | −.15 | .302 | .11 c | .02 | [−.27, .31] | .02 | .885 | .26 | [−.60, 1.12] | .10 | .542 |
| TMT-A a | .01 | [−1.46, 1.49] | .00 | .985 | .04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TMT-A b | .57 | [−.99, 2.13] | .11 | .466 | .13 c | .11 | [−.12, .34] | .15 | .327 | −.73 | [−1.41, −.06] | −.35 | .033 * |
| TMT-B a | .83 | [−2.02, 3.68] | .07 | .562 | .21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| TMT-B b | 1.00 | [−2.16, 4.16] | .09 | .529 | .21 c | −.04 | [−.50, .43] | −.02 | .878 | −.12 | [−1.48, 1.24] | −.03 | .864 |
| F-A-S a | .91 | [−1.20, 3.02] | .11 | .389 | .13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| F-A-S b | .79 | [−1.51, 3.09] | .10 | .493 | .16 c | −.24 | [−1.41, .17] | −.21 | .165 | .49 | [−.50, 1.47] | .15 | .329 |
| Subjective Cognitive Functioning | |||||||||||||
| Neuro-QoL Cognition a | −2.22 | [−3.88, −.57] | −.34 | .009 * | .19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Neuro-QoL Cognition b | −1.31 | [−2.79, .17] | −.20 | .081 | .47 c | −.49 | [−.70, −.27] | −.55 | <.001 * | −.17 | [−.81, .47] | −.07 | .593 |
| BRIEF-A MI a | 1.13 | [−1.31, 3.57] | .12 | .358 | .08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| BRIEF-A MI b | −.47 | [−2.38, 1.44] | −.05 | .624 | .54 c | .87 | [.59, 1.15] | .70 | <.001 * | .27 | [−.55, 1.09] | .08 | .508 |
| BRIEF-A BRI a | 1.74 | [−.42, 3.91] | .21 | .112 | .15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| BRIEF-A BRI b | .69 | [−1.01, 2.39] | .08 | .423 | .57 c | .83 | [.59, 1.08] | .73 | <.001 * | −.21 | [−.94, .52] | −.06 | .564 |
Note. 95% CI = unstandardized beta 95% confidence interval; B = unstandardized beta estimate; BRI = Behavioral Regulation Index; BRIEF-A = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult; BSI-18 GSI= Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Global Severity Index; F-A-S = Verbal Fluency; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; MI = Metacognition Index; Neuro-QoL Cognition = Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Cognitive Functioning Short-form; p = p-value; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; R2 = r-squared (coefficient of determination); SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test; TMT = Trail Making Test; β = standardized beta estimate.
= model includes primary covariates (age and Wechsler Test of Adult Reading raw score).
= model includes primary and secondary covariates of sleep quality (PSQI) and psychological distress (BSI-GSI).
= R2 for the full model with Concussion History, primary covariates, and secondary covariates.
p < .05.