Table 4.

Association* between gentrification and indicators of change in health and healthcare utilization

	Estimate	95% CI		p value
CVD
Intercept	0	0	0	< 0.001
Time	1.98	1.83	2.14	< 0.001
Gentrification	0.93	0.78	1.12	0.44
Diabetes
Intercept	0.02	0.01	0.02	< 0.001
Time	1.55	1.49	1.61	< 0.001
Gentrification	1.00	0.89	1.13	> 0.99
Hypertension
Intercept	0.02	0.01	0.02	< 0.001
Time	1.60	1.52	1.69	< 0.001
Gentrification	0.96	0.86	1.06	0.42
Obesity
Intercept	0.07	0.06	0.08	< 0.001
Time	3.24	3.09	3.39	< 0.001
Gentrification	0.89	0.81	0.99	0.026
Depression
Intercept	0.04	0.03	0.04	< 0.001
Time	2.40	2.28	2.52	< 0.001
Gentrification	1.05	0.93	1.18	0.42
Asthma
Intercept	0.05	0.04	0.06	< 0.001
Time	1.97	1.87	2.08	< 0.001
Gentrification	1.03	0.9	1.19	0.65
Emergency department
Intercept	0.84	0.76	0.93	< 0.001
Time	2.19	2.08	2.30	< 0.001
Gentrification	1.10	1.01	1.20	0.024
Inpatient
Intercept	0.02	0.02	0.02	< 0.001
Time	1.23	1.13	1.33	< 0.001
Gentrification	1.09	0.97	1.23	0.16
Outpatient
Intercept	0.26	0.24	0.30	< 0.001
Time	1.15	1.11	1.20	< 0.001
Gentrification	0.93	0.87	1.00	0.05

Models adjusted for age, race, ICE, sex, insurance status, and the individual-level clustering effect