Table 1.
Psychiatric symptoms and social functioning at the different time points during the COVID-19 pandemic
| T0 (n = 81) | T1 (n = 81) | T2 (n = 66) | T3 (n = 51) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, M (SD) | – | 66.1 (7.2) | 66.4 (7.3) | 66.9 (6.8) |
| Gender, female % (n) | 55.6 (45) | 55.6 (45) | 50.8 (33) | 54 (27) |
| Living situation | ||||
| Alone (%) | – | 49.4 | 51.5 | 44.0 |
| Children, yes % | – | 50.6 | 50.0 | 48.0 |
| Grandchildren, yes % | – | 32.1 | 30.3 | 32.0 |
| Psychiatric symptoms | ||||
| YMRS, median (IQR) | 2 (4) 0–17 | 0 (3) | 0 (2) | 6 (3) |
| Above cut-off, % | 1.2 (1) | 1.2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| CES-D, median (IQR) | 12 (16.5) 0–51 | 8 (13.8) | 11.5 (19) | 13 (18) |
| Above cut-off, % (n) | 53.5 (37) | 26.2 (61) | 43.4 (38) | 59.2 (30) |
| BAI, median (IQR) | 7 (15.3) 0–63 | 5.5 (7) | 7 (12) | 6 (14) |
| Above cut-off, % (n) | 47.1 (32) | 22.5 (18) | 43.9 (29) | 27.3 (14) |
| Social functioning | ||||
| Social participation M (SD) | 23.4 (3.6) | 16.6 (2.4) | 19.2 (3.0) | 20 (3.1) |
| Loneliness M (SD) | 3 (6), 0–11 | 3 (4) | 3.9 (3.2) | 4.5 (3.2) |
| Mastery M (SD) | – | 19.1 (5.2) | 19.1 (5.1) | 18 (8) |
| COVID-19 related factors | ||||
| COVID-19 infection, yes % (n) | – | 1.2 (1) | 1.5 (1) | 3.9 (2) |
| Mental health impact, M (SD) | – | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.7) |
| Fear for the virus, M (SD) | – | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.6) |
| Positive coping, M (SD) | – | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.6) |
T1 = April 2020, T2 = June 2020, T3 = September 2020
YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; IQR, interquartile range; M, mean; SD, standard deviation