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. 2022 Aug 30;38(5):1033–1064. doi: 10.1007/s10680-022-09634-3

Table 3.

Multinomial logistic regression models for predicting emigration destination from Sweden 1993–2014: Individual men born in Sweden between 1975 and 1978 (relative risk ratio)

Full sample (1) Restricted sampleage 25+, positive lag income (2)
North America, Oceania Nordic countries Western Southern Europe Other North America, Oceania Nordic countries Western Southern Europe Other
Educational level—omitted—secondary education
Compulsory education nine years or less 2.156** (0.202) 1.087 (0.065) 1.350** (0.123) 1.359* (0.186) 1.683* (0.347) 1.157 (0.132) 1.496* (0.253) 1.029 (0.233)
Post-secondary education less than two 0.597** (0.072) 0.749** (0.062) 1.122 (0.096) 1.267 (0.171) 0.907 (0.192) 0.795 (0.107) 1.187 (0.179) 1.627** (0.295)
Higher education two years or longer 0.647** (0.051) 1.049 (0.058) 1.763** (0.107) 1.520** (0.136) 1.343* (0.176) 1.159 (0.089) 2.499** (0.235) 2.149** (0.258)
Postgraduate 2.043** (0.332) 2.537** (0.480) 4.835** (0.620) 1.508 (0.385) 6.385** (1.368) 2.725** (0.578) 9.893** (1.632) 2.888** (0.859)
CSN1 1.236* (0.109) 1.122* (0.065) 0.870* (0.053) 1.062 (0.111) 0.789 (0.136) 0.904 (0.085) 0.724** (0.065) 0.614** (0.103)
Percentile of school grade 1.027** (0.001) 1.003** (0.001) 1.023** (0.001) 1.016** (0.001) 1.021** (0.002) 1.007** (0.001) 1.022** (0.002) 1.013** (0.002)
Decile of income residual—omitted 1st decile
2nd decile 0.585** (0.116) 0.889 (0.099) 0.568** (0.062) 0.620** (0.114)
3rd decile 0.515** (0.095) 0.737** (0.080) 0.502** (0.054) 0.409** (0.075)
4th decile 0.330** (0.068) 0.481** (0.058) 0.315** (0.041) 0.341** (0.064)
5th decile 0.227** (0.053) 0.409** (0.052) 0.230** (0.034) 0.187** (0.040)
6th decile 0.236** (0.051) 0.327** (0.042) 0.215** (0.031) 0.218** (0.044)
7th decile 0.217** (0.047) 0.288** (0.037) 0.220** (0.031) 0.178** (0.037)
8th decile 0.201** (0.044) 0.236** (0.032) 0.222** (0.030) 0.262** (0.048)
9th decile 0.488** (0.085) 0.314** (0.040) 0.301** (0.036) 0.384** (0.065)
10th decile 0.750 (0.121) 0.266** (0.036) 0.506** (0.054) 0.712* (0.109)
Constant 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000) 0.000** (0.000)
Observations 3,763,205 2,277,727
Individuals 188,159 183,098

All models control for age (and its square term), marital status, number of children, and having a child under the age of tree, migration background, and previous short migration event

Individual clustered robust standard errors in parentheses

**p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

1An indicator of receiving educational allowances