FIGURE 4.

Post-spinal cord injury medium-dose LPS treatment significantly increased anti-inflammatory gene expression in the lesion center. Adult male rats received the moderate contusion SCI and LPS treatment was initiated at 2 or 6 h post-SCI. Real-time PCR quantification was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory markers at 1 (A), 4 (B), 7 (C), and 28 (D) days after the SCI. Gene expression is normalized to the same-day SCI group. Upregulation of inflammatory gene for medium-dose LPS 0.5 mg/kg treatment groups at 1, 4, 7, and 28 days. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus SCI (main effect of treatment), n = 3, mean + SEM.