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. 2022 Nov 23;16:993019. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.993019

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Copyright © 2022 Hashemizadeh, Hosseindoost, Omidi, Aminianfar, Ebrahimi-Barough, Ai, Arjmand and Hadjighassem.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Combination therapy regulates inflammatory cytokine levels and prevents apoptosis in the spinal cord at 7 days post-SCI. (A) Levels of TNF-α, (B) level of IL-10 in the spinal cord were detected by ELISA on day 7 after the sham operation (n = 3/group). ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus SCI, ⁺P < 0.05, ^{+ +}P < 0.01 versus MSC. (C) The protein expression level, determined by Western blot analysis, in the injured spinal epicenter of SCI rat at 7 dpi. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus sham. # versus SCI or vehicle. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis.