Table 1.

Cardillo's revised morphologic classification of the tracheal injury.

Classification #	Morphologic description
Level I	Mucosal/Submucosal tracheal involvement without subcutaneous -mediastinal emphysema (partial thickness PITL)
Level II	Full-thickness tracheal lesion with subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema without oesophageal injury or mediastinitis
Level IIIA	Full-thickness laceration of the tracheal wall with oesophageal or mediastinal soft-tissue hernia without oesophageal injury or mediastinitis
Level IIIB	Full-thickness laceration of the tracheal wall with oesophageal injury or mediastinitis
Level IV	Extensive Loss of substance/fracture of tracheal rings

Modified from: Cardillo G, et al. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg 2010; 37:581-587.