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. 2022 Nov 23;9:1066543. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1066543

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Copyright © 2022 Han, Hu, Chen, Guo, Zhu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytotoxicity of the eight plant extracts and essential oils and the EM in DF-1 cells in vitro. Viability (%) of DF-1 cells cultured with various concentrations of (A) PGE, (B) PAE, (C) BPE, (D) AAE, (E) PMPE, (F) POE, (G) AAO, (H) CSO, and (I) the EM relative to the Mock 24 and 48 h before the CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005, ****P < 0.001. AAE, Acalypha australis L. extract; AAO, Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant. essential oil; BPE, Bidens pilosa L. extract; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; CSO, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze essential oil; DF-1, chicken embryo fibroblast; EM, extract and essential oil mixture (non-toxic concentrations of PGE, PAE, BPE, AAE, PMPE, POE, AAO, and CSO); PAE, Plantago asiatica L. extract; PGE, Punica granatum L. extract; PMPE, Pteris multifida Poir extract; POE, Portulaca oleracea L. sp. Pl. extract.