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. 2022 Dec 6;12:21104. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25436-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biofilm formation of C. acnes strains. a Kinetic of bacterial adhesion was measured using the BioFilm Ring Test for C. acnes strains isolated from healthy subjects (HS) and the lesional skin of acne patients (LA) and (b) according to the phylotypes IA1, IB, II. C. acnes ATCC 1182 was used as a reference control strain. The mean and corresponding standard errors for three independent experiments of duplicate samples for each time point are shown. (c,d) The amount of biofilm biomass after 72 h was measured by the crystal violet assays (optical density (OD) at 595 nm). The mean and corresponding standard errors for three independent experiments of duplicate samples for each time point are shown. (e) Confocal microscopy image of biofilm formation of different C. acnes isolates and the C. acnes ATCC 1182 after 72 h of incubation in BHI at 37 °C. Significance was assessed by using the Kruskal Wallis static test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001, ****, P < 0.0001.