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. 2022 Dec 6;12:21104. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25436-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antimicrobial tolerance in C. acnes isolates. (a) Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against ten C. acnes strains (phylotype IA1) isolated from the lesional skin of acne patients in planktonic and biofilm growth measured as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for the indicated antibiotics. (b) Heat map showing the biofilm tolerance (BT), calculated as the ratio MBEC/MIC for ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, and doxycycline. Yellow indicates high BT values, and blue represents low BT for the indicated antibiotics. Statistical differences were determined using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons.